April 2011

Numerous analyses have found that people infected with roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) are predisposed to harbor either many or few worms. Members of the same household also tend to harbor similar numbers of worms. This image shows 2,269 roundworms worms collected from 114 people in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study (see Walker et al., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001047) analyzed worm count data before and after treatment to determine whether household has any effect on worm count.

Image Credit: Andrew Hall

Editorial

Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Catholic World

Peter J. Hotez

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001132

Expert Commentary

Chagas Disease Has Now Gone Global

Herbert B. Tanowitz, Louis M. Weiss, Susan P. Montgomery

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001136

Symposium

Franchising Rabies Vaccine Delivery: The Case of Indian Immunologicals

Hassan Masum, Hima Batavia, Natasha Bhogal, Kim Le, Peter A. Singer

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000946

Research Articles

Strategies for Introducing Wolbachia to Reduce Transmission of Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Penelope A. Hancock, Steven P. Sinkins, H. Charles J. Godfray

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001024

HTLV-1 Tax Specific CD8+ T Cells Express Low Levels of Tim-3 in HTLV-1 Infection: Implications for Progression to Neurological Complications

Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Fabio E. Leal, Aaron M. Hasenkrug, Aashish R. Jha, Karina I. Carvalho, Ijeoma G. Eccles-James, Fernanda R. Bruno, Raphaella G. S. Vieira, Vanessa A. York, Glen M. Chew, R. Brad Jones, Yuetsu Tanaka, Walter K. Neto, Sabri S. Sanabani, Mario A. Ostrowski, Aluisio C. Segurado, Douglas F. Nixon, Esper G. Kallas

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001030

Gene Atlasing of Digestive and Reproductive Tissues in Schistosoma mansoni

Sujeevi S. K. Nawaratna, Donald P. McManus, Luke Moertel, Geoffrey N. Gobert, Malcolm K. Jones

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001043

Individual Predisposition, Household Clustering and Risk Factors for Human Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides: New Epidemiological Insights

Martin Walker, Andrew Hall, María-Gloria Basáñez

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001047

Chagas Disease among the Latin American Adult Population Attending in a Primary Care Center in Barcelona, Spain

Carme Roca, María Jesús Pinazo, Paolo López-Chejade, Joan Bayó, Elizabeth Posada, Jordi López-Solana, Montserrat Gállego, Montserrat Portús, Joaquim Gascón, and the Chagas-Clot Research Group

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001135

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Mortality in the United States, 1990–2006

Benjamin N. Bristow, Kaitlin A. O'Keefe, Shira C. Shafir, Frank J. Sorvillo

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 26, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001140

The Rose Bengal Test in Human Brucellosis: A Neglected Test for the Diagnosis of a Neglected Disease

Ramón Díaz, Aurora Casanova, Javier Ariza, Ignacio Moriyón

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 19, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000950

Isolation of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense from Cured and Relapsed Sleeping Sickness Patients and Adaptation to Laboratory Mice

Patient Pati Pyana, Ipos Ngay Lukusa, Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi, Nick Van Reet, Marcel Kaiser, Stomy Karhemere Bin Shamamba, Philippe Büscher

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 19, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001025

Solution Structure of a Repeated Unit of the ABA-1 Nematode Polyprotein Allergen of Ascaris Reveals a Novel Fold and Two Discrete Lipid-Binding Sites

Nicola A. G. Meenan, Graeme Ball, Krystyna Bromek, Dušan Uhrín, Alan Cooper, Malcolm W. Kennedy, Brian O. Smith

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 19, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001040

Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (Modified QuantiFERON) as a Potential Marker of Infection for Leishmania donovani, a Proof of Concept Study

Kamlesh Gidwani, Stephen Jones, Rajiv Kumar, Marleen Boelaert, Shyam Sundar

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 19, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001042

Oviposition Site Selection by the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti and Its Implications for Dengue Control

Jacklyn Wong, Steven T. Stoddard, Helvio Astete, Amy C. Morrison, Thomas W. Scott

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001015

Snakebite Mortality in India: A Nationally Representative Mortality Survey

Bijayeeni Mohapatra, David A. Warrell, Wilson Suraweera, Prakash Bhatia, Neeraj Dhingra, Raju M. Jotkar, Peter S. Rodriguez, Kaushik Mishra, Romulus Whitaker, Prabhat Jha, for the Million Death Study Collaborators

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001018

Transplacental Transmission of Leishmania infantum as a Means for Continued Disease Incidence in North America

Paola Mercedes Boggiatto, Katherine Nicole Gibson-Corley, Kyle Metz, Jack Michael Gallup, Jesse Michael Hostetter, Kathleen Mullin, Christine Anne Petersen

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001019

High Prevalence of Persistent Parasitic Infections in Foreign-Born, HIV-Infected Persons in the United States

Natasha S. Hochberg, Ruth N. Moro, Anandi N. Sheth, Susan P. Montgomery, Frank Steurer, Isabel T. McAuliffe, Yun F. Wang, Wendy Armstrong, Hilda N. Rivera, Jeffrey L. Lennox, Carlos Franco-Paredes

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001034

Triatoma dimidiata Infestation in Chagas Disease Endemic Regions of Guatemala: Comparison of Random and Targeted Cross-Sectional Surveys

Raymond J. King, Celia Cordon-Rosales, Jonathan Cox, Clive R. Davies, Uriel D. Kitron

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001035

Diagnostic Accuracy of Kato-Katz and FLOTAC for Assessing Anthelmintic Drug Efficacy

Stefanie Knopp, Benjamin Speich, Jan Hattendorf, Laura Rinaldi, Khalfan A. Mohammed, I. Simba Khamis, Alisa S. Mohammed, Marco Albonico, David Rollinson, Hanspeter Marti, Giuseppe Cringoli, Jürg Utzinger

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001036

Helminth and Intestinal Protozoa Infections, Multiparasitism and Risk Factors in Champasack Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic

Somphou Sayasone, Tippi K. Mak, Monely Vanmany, Oroth Rasphone, Penelope Vounatsou, Jürg Utzinger, Kongsap Akkhavong, Peter Odermatt

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001037

Genetic Characterization of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Mozambique: Transcontinental Lineages Drive the HTLV-1 Endemic

Ana Carolina P. Vicente, Eduardo Samo Gudo, Alena Mayo Iñiguez, Koko Otsuki, Nilesh Bhatt, Celina M. Abreu, Adolfo Vubil, Dulce Bila, Orlando C. Ferreira, Amílcar Tanuri, Ilesh V. Jani, for the HTLV in Mozambique Study Group

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001038

A Phase Two Randomised Controlled Double Blind Trial of High Dose Intravenous Methylprednisolone and Oral Prednisolone versus Intravenous Normal Saline and Oral Prednisolone in Individuals with Leprosy Type 1 Reactions and/or Nerve Function Impairment

Stephen L. Walker, Peter G. Nicholls, Sushmita Dhakal, Rachel A. Hawksworth, Murdo Macdonald, Kishori Mahat, Shudan Ruchal, Sushma Hamal, Deanna A. Hagge, Kapil D. Neupane, Diana N. J. Lockwood

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 12, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001041

Impact of Rapid Urbanization on the Rates of Infection by Vibrio cholerae O1 and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Fahima Chowdhury, Mohammad Arif Rahman, Yasmin A. Begum, Ashraful I. Khan, Abu S. G. Faruque, Nirod Chandra Saha, Nabilah Ibnat Baby, M. A. Malek, Anisha Rajeev Kumar, Ann-Mari Svennerholm, Mark Pietroni, Alejandro Cravioto, Firdausi Qadri

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000999

Evolutionary History of Rabies in Ghana

David T. S. Hayman, Nicholas Johnson, Daniel L. Horton, Jessica Hedge, Philip R. Wakeley, Ashley C. Banyard, Shoufeng Zhang, Andy Alhassan, Anthony R. Fooks

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001001

A Proteomic and Cellular Analysis of Uropods in the Pathogen Entamoeba histolytica

Jacques Marquay Markiewicz, Sylvie Syan, Chung-Chau Hon, Christian Weber, Daniela Faust, Nancy Guillen

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001002

Characterization of Schistosome Tegumental Alkaline Phosphatase (SmAP)

Rita Bhardwaj, Patrick J. Skelly

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001011

Collagenolytic Activities of the Major Secreted Cathepsin L Peptidases Involved in the Virulence of the Helminth Pathogen, Fasciola hepatica

Mark W. Robinson, Ileana Corvo, Peter M. Jones, Anthony M. George, Matthew P. Padula, Joyce To, Martin Cancela, Gabriel Rinaldi, Jose F. Tort, Leda Roche, John P. Dalton

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001012

Clearing the Backlog: Trichiasis Surgeon Retention and Productivity in Northern Ethiopia

Esmael Habtamu, Saul N. Rajak, Teshome Gebre, Mulat Zerihun, Asrat Genet, Paul M. Emerson, Matthew J. Burton

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001014

Trypanosoma brucei Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3, A Target for Anti-Trypanosomal Drug Development: A Public-Private Partnership to Identify Novel Leads

Richard O. Oduor, Kayode K. Ojo, Gareth P. Williams, Francois Bertelli, James Mills, Louis Maes, David C. Pryde, Tanya Parkinson, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Tod P. Holler

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001017

High Throughput Screens Yield Small Molecule Inhibitors of Leishmania CRK3:CYC6 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase

Roderick G. Walker, Graeme Thomson, Kirk Malone, Matthew W. Nowicki, Elaine Brown, David G. Blake, Nicholas J. Turner, Malcolm D. Walkinshaw, Karen M. Grant, Jeremy C. Mottram

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published April 5, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001033

Cover

Jars of Ascaris lumbricoides