September 2009

A pseudocyst of Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in skeletal muscle (mouse, x500, hematoxylin and eosin). The year 2009 is the centenary of the discovery of T. cruzi and Chagas disease by Carlos Chagas. T. cruzi, a zoonotic parasite, is remarkably genetically diverse. In this issue Llewellyn et al. (doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000510) apply microsatellite analysis to describe population structure in T. cruzi IIc, a widely distributed lineage of T. cruzi associated with a terrestrial ecological niche and the armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus, as a principal host—coincidentally the first wild reservoir identified by Chagas.

Image Credit: M. D. Lewis and M. A. Miles; histology: L. Ethridge

Editorial

Schistosomiasis in Africa: An Emerging Tragedy in Our New Global Health Decade

Peter J. Hotez, Alan Fenwick

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000485

Symposium

Two Patients with Leprosy and the Sudden Appearance of Inflammation in the Skin and New Sensory Loss

Carlos Franco-Paredes, Jesse T. Jacob, Barbara Stryjewska, Leo Yoder

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000425

Reviews

Japanese Encephalitis—A Pathological and Clinical Perspective

Debapriya Ghosh, Anirban Basu

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000437

Novel Vaccines to Human Rabies

Hildegund C. J. Ertl

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515

Emerging Technologies for the Detection of Rabies Virus: Challenges and Hopes in the 21st Century

Anthony R. Fooks, Nicholas Johnson, Conrad M. Freuling, Philip R. Wakeley, Ashley C. Banyard, Lorraine M. McElhinney, Denise A. Marston, Akbar Dastjerdi, Edward Wright, Robin A. Weiss, Thomas Müller

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000530

Research Articles

A Novel Animal Model of Borrelia recurrentis Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Borreliosis Using Immunodeficient Mice

Christer Larsson, Jenny Lundqvist, Nico van Rooijen, Sven Bergström

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000522

Genotypic Status of the TbAT1/P2 Adenosine Transporter of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Isolates from Northwestern Uganda following Melarsoprol Withdrawal

Anne J. N. Kazibwe, Barbara Nerima, Harry P. de Koning, Pascal Mäser, Michael P. Barrett, Enock Matovu

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000523

Treatment Response of Cystic Echinococcosis to Benzimidazoles: A Systematic Review

Marija Stojkovic, Marcel Zwahlen, Antonella Teggi, Kamenna Vutova, Carmen M. Cretu, Roberto Virdone, Polyxeni Nicolaidou, Nazan Cobanoglu, Thomas Junghanss

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 29, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000524

Natural Infection of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus spp.) with Echinococcus granulosus in China

Yu Rong Yang, Tianxi Liu, Xueli Bai, Belgees Boufana, Philip S. Craig, Minoru Nakao, Akira Ito, Jan Zhong Zhang, Patrick Giraudoux, Donald P. McManus

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 22, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000518

Molecular Basis of Rare Aminoglycoside Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Clinical Isolates from Thailand

Lily A. Trunck, Katie L. Propst, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Apichai Tuanyok, Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, James S. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Sharon J. Peacock, Paul Keim, Steven W. Dow, Herbert P. Schweizer

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 22, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000519

Human Angiostrongyliasis Outbreak in Dali, China

Shan Lv, Yi Zhang, Shao-Rong Chen, Li-Bo Wang, Wen Fang, Feng Chen, Jin-Yong Jiang, Yuan-Lin Li, Zun-Wei Du, Xiao-Nong Zhou

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 22, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000520

Rapid Identification of Paragonimiasis Foci by Lay Informants in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Peter Odermatt, Duong Veasna, Wei Zhang, Nanthasane Vannavong, Souraxay Phrommala, Shigehisa Habe, Hubert Barennes, Michel Strobel

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 22, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000521

Genetic Characterization of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus from Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru: Identification of a New Subtype ID Lineage

Patricia V. Aguilar, A. Paige Adams, Victor Suárez, Luis Beingolea, Jorge Vargas, Stephen Manock, Juan Freire, Willan R. Espinoza, Vidal Felices, Ana Diaz, Xiaodong Liang, Yelin Roca, Scott C. Weaver, Tadeusz J. Kochel

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 15, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000514

Wolbachia Infection Reduces Blood-Feeding Success in the Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Andrew P. Turley, Luciano A. Moreira, Scott L. O'Neill, Elizabeth A. McGraw

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 15, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000516

Polyparasite Helminth Infections and Their Association to Anaemia and Undernutrition in Northern Rwanda

Denise Mupfasoni, Blaise Karibushi, Artemis Koukounari, Eugene Ruberanziza, Teddy Kaberuka, Michael H. Kramer, Odette Mukabayire, Michee Kabera, Vianney Nizeyimana, Marie-Alice Deville, Josh Ruxin, Joanne P. Webster, Alan Fenwick

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 15, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000517

Profile of Central and Effector Memory T Cells in the Progression of Chronic Human Chagas Disease

Jacqueline Araújo Fiuza, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Juliana Assis Silva Gomes, Manoel Otávio das Costa Rocha, Ana Thereza Chaves, Fernanda Fortes de Araújo, Rafaelle Christine Gomes Fares, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Olindo de Assis Martins-Filho, Guilherme Grossi Lopes Cançado, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 9, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000512

Rabies Situation in Cambodia

Sowath Ly, Philippe Buchy, Nay Yim Heng, Sivuth Ong, Nareth Chhor, Hervé Bourhy, Sirenda Vong

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 8, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000511

Dynamics of Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Malaria in an Armed Conflict

Thomas Fürst, Giovanna Raso, Cinthia A. Acka, Andres B. Tschannen, Eliézer K. N'Goran, Jürg Utzinger

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 8, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000513

Skeeter Buster: A Stochastic, Spatially Explicit Modeling Tool for Studying Aedes aegypti Population Replacement and Population Suppression Strategies

Krisztian Magori, Mathieu Legros, Molly E. Puente, Dana A. Focks, Thomas W. Scott, Alun L. Lloyd, Fred Gould

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 1, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000508

Murine Models for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Disease Progression—From Silent to Chronic Infections and Early Brain Tropism

Christiane Giroud, Florence Ottones, Virginie Coustou, Denis Dacheux, Nicolas Biteau, Benjamin Miezan, Nick Van Reet, Mark Carrington, Felix Doua, Théo Baltz

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 1, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000509

Trypanosoma cruzi IIc: Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Insights from Sequence and Microsatellite Analysis and Potential Impact on Emergent Chagas Disease

Martin S. Llewellyn, Michael D. Lewis, Nidia Acosta, Matthew Yeo, Hernan J. Carrasco, Maikell Segovia, Jorge Vargas, Faustino Torrico, Michael A. Miles, Michael W. Gaunt

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published September 1, 2009 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000510

Cover

**A pseudocyst of Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes.**