About the Authors

Qingwei Luo

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Firdausi Qadri

Affiliation International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Rita Kansal

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

David A. Rasko

Affiliation Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alaullah Sheikh

Affiliation Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

James M. Fleckenstein

jflecken@wustl.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JMF FQ DAR QL. Performed the experiments: QL RK AS. Analyzed the data: QL DAR JF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FQ DAR. Wrote the paper: QL JF DAR.