September 2024

UK hypertension treatment guidelines consider ethnicity (Black or non-Black) as a determinant of treatment choice. However, evidence from randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness and risks of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in different ethnic groups is lacking. Using primary care data from self-reported Black, South Asian, and White patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease in England, Paris J. Baptise and colleagues apply reference trial emulation methods to assess the ‘real-world’ generalisability of results from the ONTARGET trial to trial-underrepresented groups.

Image Credit: Joanna Zduńczyk, Pexels

Perspective

Is C-reactive protein sufficient to guide antimicrobial therapy for lower respiratory tract infections among children? Results from a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial in Uganda

Chris A. Rees, Prashant Mahajan, Quique Bassat

PLOS Medicine: published September 17, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004467

Research Articles

A comprehensive assessment of care competence and maternal experience of first antenatal care visits in Mexico: Insights from the baseline survey of an observational cohort study

Svetlana V. Doubova, Claudio Quinzaños Fresnedo, Martín Paredes Cruz, Diana Perez-Moran, Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas, Verónica Meneses Gallardo, Luis Rey Garcia Cortes, Megan Carolina Cerda Mancillas, Victoria Martínez Gaytan, Miguel Angel Romero Garcia, Gilberto Espinoza Anrubio, Claudia Elsa Perez Ruiz, Carlos A. Prado-Aguilar, Augusto Sarralde Delgado, Margaret E. Kruk, Catherine Arsenault

PLOS Medicine: published September 3, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004456

Effects of a self-guided digital mental health self-help intervention for Syrian refugees in Egypt: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial

Sebastian Burchert, Mhd Salem Alkneme, Ammar Alsaod, Pim Cuijpers, Eva Heim, Jonas Hessling, Nadine Hosny, Marit Sijbrandij, Edith van’t Hof, Pieter Ventevogel, Christine Knaevelsrud, on behalf of the STRENGTHS Consortium

PLOS Medicine: published September 9, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004460

Association between surgeon training grade and the risk of revision following unicompartmental knee replacement: An analysis of National Joint Registry data

Timothy J. Fowler, Nicholas R. Howells, Ashley W. Blom, Adrian Sayers, Michael R. Whitehouse

PLOS Medicine: published September 10, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004445

Associations between food insecurity in high-income countries and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zoë Bell, Giang Nguyen, Gemma Andreae, Stephanie Scott, Letitia Sermin-Reed, Amelia A. Lake, Nicola Heslehurst

PLOS Medicine: published September 10, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004450

Evaluation of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for the prevention of COVID-19 (COPCOV): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

William H. K. Schilling, Mavuto Mukaka, James J. Callery, Martin J. Llewelyn, Cintia V. Cruz, Mehul Dhorda, Thatsanun Ngernseng, Naomi Waithira, Maneerat Ekkapongpisit, James A. Watson, Arjun Chandna, Erni J. Nelwan, Raph L. Hamers, Anthony Etyang, Mohammad Asim Beg, Samba Sow, William Yavo, Aurel Constant Allabi, Buddha Basnyat, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Modupe Amofa-Sekyi, Paul Yonga, Amanda Adler, Prayoon Yuentrakul, Tanya Cope, Janjira Thaipadungpanit, Panuvit Rienpradub, Mallika Imwong, Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Stuart D. Blacksell, Joel Tarning, Frejus Faustin Goudjo, Ange D. Dossou, Abibatou Konaté-Touré, Serge-Brice Assi, Kra Ouffoué, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Brian Eka Rachman, Pradana Zaky Romadhon, Didi Darmahadi Dewanto, Made Oka Heryana, Theresia Novi, Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu, Mutiara Mutiara, Miranda Putri Rahayu Nasution, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, Fauzan Azima Dalimunthe, Eka Airlangga, Akmal Fahrezzy, Yanri Subronto, Nur Rahmi Ananda, Mutia Rahardjani, Atika Rimainar, Ruth Khadembu Lucinde, Molline Timbwa, Otieno Edwin Onyango, Clara Agutu, Samuel Akech, Mainga Hamaluba, Jairus Kipyego, Obadiah Ngachi, Fadima Cheick Haidara, Oumar Y. Traoré, François Diarra, Basudha Khanal, Piyush Dahal, Suchita Shrestha, Samita Rijal, Youssouf Kabore, Eric Adehossi, Ousmane Guindo, Farah Naz Qamar, Abdul Momin Kazi, Charles J. Woodrow, Steven Laird, Maina Cheeba, Helen Ayles, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Walter R. J. Taylor, Elizabeth M. Batty, Kesinee Chotivanich, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Weerapong Phumratanaprapin, Lorenz von Seidlein, Arjen Dondorp, Nicholas P. J. Day, Nicholas J. White, on behalf of the COPCOV Collaborative Group

PLOS Medicine: published September 12, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004428

The cost-effectiveness of preventing, diagnosing, and treating postpartum haemorrhage: A systematic review of economic evaluations

Joshua F. Ginnane, Samia Aziz, Saima Sultana, Connor Luke Allen, Annie McDougall, Katherine E. Eddy, Nick Scott, Joshua P. Vogel

PLOS Medicine: published September 13, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004461

Effectiveness and risk of ARB and ACEi among different ethnic groups in England: A reference trial (ONTARGET) emulation analysis using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum-linked data

Paris J. Baptiste, Angel Y. S. Wong, Anna Schultze, Catherine M. Clase, Clémence Leyrat, Elizabeth Williamson, Emma Powell, Johannes F. E. Mann, Marianne Cunnington, Koon Teo, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Peggy Gao, Kevin Wing, Laurie Tomlinson

PLOS Medicine: published September 16, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004465

HIV, malnutrition, and noncommunicable disease epidemics among tuberculosis-affected households in east and southern Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of the ERASE-TB cohort

Claire Jacqueline Calderwood, Edson Tawanda Marambire, Leyla Larsson, Denise Banze, Alfred Mfinanga, Celina Nhamuave, Tejawsi Appalarowthu, Mishelle Mugava, Jorge Ribeiro, Peter Edwin Towo, Karlos Madziva, Justin Dixon, Kathrin Held, Lilian Tina Minja, Junior Mutsvangwa, Celso Khosa, Norbert Heinrich, Katherine Fielding, Katharina Kranzer, ERASE-TB consortium

PLOS Medicine: published September 16, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004452

Impact on beer sales of removing the pint serving size: An A-B-A reversal trial in pubs, bars, and restaurants in England

Eleni Mantzari, Gareth J. Hollands, Martin Law, Dominique-Laurent Couturier, Theresa M. Marteau

PLOS Medicine: published September 17, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004442

Behavioral risk factors and socioeconomic inequalities in ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States: A causal mediation analysis using record linkage data

Yachen Zhu, Laura Llamosas-Falcón, William C. Kerr, Jürgen Rehm, Charlotte Probst

PLOS Medicine: published September 17, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004455

Development, characterization, and replication of proteomic aging clocks: Analysis of 2 population-based cohorts

Shuo Wang, Zexi Rao, Rui Cao, Anne H. Blaes, Josef Coresh, Rajat Deo, Ruth Dubin, Corinne E. Joshu, Benoit Lehallier, Pamela L. Lutsey, James S. Pankow, Wendy S. Post, Jerome I. Rotter, Sanaz Sedaghat, Weihong Tang, Bharat Thyagarajan, Keenan A. Walker, Peter Ganz, Elizabeth A. Platz, Weihua Guan, Anna Prizment

PLOS Medicine: published September 24, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004464

Levels and functionality of Pacific Islanders’ hybrid humoral immune response to BNT162b2 vaccination and delta/omicron infection: A cohort study in New Caledonia

Catherine Inizan, Adrien Courtot, Chloé Sturmach, Anne-Fleur Griffon, Antoine Biron, Timothée Bruel, Vincent Enouf, Thibaut Demaneuf, Sandie Munier, Olivier Schwartz, Ann-Claire Gourinat, Georges Médevielle, Marc Jouan, Sylvie van der Werf, Yoann Madec, Valérie Albert-Dunais, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol

PLOS Medicine: published September 26, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004397

Methaemoglobin as a surrogate marker of primaquine antihypnozoite activity in Plasmodium vivax malaria: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Ihsan Fadilah, Robert J. Commons, Nguyen Hoang Chau, Cindy S. Chu, Nicholas P. J. Day, Gavin C. K. W. Koh, Justin A. Green, Marcus VG Lacerda, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Erni J. Nelwan, Francois Nosten, Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu, Inge Sutanto, Walter R. J. Taylor, Kamala Thriemer, Ric N. Price, Nicholas J. White, J. Kevin Baird, James A. Watson

PLOS Medicine: published September 27, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004411

Decreases in purchases of energy, sodium, sugar, and saturated fat 3 years after implementation of the Chilean food labeling and marketing law: An interrupted time series analysis

Lindsey Smith Taillie, Maxime Bercholz, Barry Popkin, Natalia Rebolledo, Marcela Reyes, Camila Corvalán

PLOS Medicine: published September 27, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004463

Correction

Correction: Oncogenic Transformation by Inhibitor-Sensitive and -Resistant EGFR Mutants

Heidi Greulich, Tzu-Hsiu Chen, Whei Feng, Pasi A. Jänne, James V. Alvarez, Mauro Zappaterra, Sara E. Bulmer, David A. Frank, William C. Hahn, William R. Sellers, Matthew Meyerson

PLOS Medicine: published September 16, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004470

Cover