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June 2023

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In Mexico, the transition to modern energy-dense diets with a substantial component of ultra-processed foods has fueled the obesity epidemic, with a documented increase in obesity prevalence of approximately 10% in less than 20 years. In recent years, health goals have been set to respond through policy decision-making. Efforts are currently underway to slow down the increase in obesity through structural interventions, such as taxes and front-of-package warning labels, although, to date, no country has reversed the increasing trend in obesity. In a Research Article, Francisco Reyes-Sanchez and colleagues model anticipated changes in calories consumed per person needed to achieve population obesity goals in Mexico.

Image Credit: Jarret Lopez, Unsplash

Research Articles

Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and its determinants among outpatient children in 3 low- and middle-income countries: A multicentric community-based cohort study

Antoine Ardillon, Lison Ramblière, Elsa Kermorvant-Duchemin, Touch Sok, Andrianirina Zafitsara Zo, Jean-Baptiste Diouf, Pring Long, Siyin Lach, Fatoumata Diene Sarr, Laurence Borand, Felix Cheysson, Jean-Marc Collard, Perlinot Herindrainy, Agathe de Lauzanne, Muriel Vray, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau, Didier Guillemot, Bich-Tram Huynh, On behalf of the BIRDY study group

Treatment effect modification due to comorbidity: Individual participant data meta-analyses of 120 randomised controlled trials

Peter Hanlon, Elaine W. Butterly, Anoop SV Shah, Laurie J. Hannigan, Jim Lewsey, Frances S. Mair, David M. Kent, Bruce Guthrie, Sarah H. Wild, Nicky J. Welton, Sofia Dias, David A. McAllister

Patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and prediction of mortality in hospitalized neonates and young infants with sepsis: A global neonatal sepsis observational cohort study (NeoOBS)

Neal J. Russell, Wolfgang Stöhr, Nishad Plakkal, Aislinn Cook, James A. Berkley, Bethou Adhisivam, Ramesh Agarwal, Nawshad Uddin Ahmed, Manica Balasegaram, Daynia Ballot, Adrie Bekker, Eitan Naaman Berezin, Davide Bilardi, Suppawat Boonkasidecha, Cristina G. Carvalheiro, Neema Chami, Suman Chaurasia, Sara Chiurchiu, Viviane Rinaldi Favarin Colas, Simon Cousens, Tim R. Cressey, Ana Carolina Dantas de Assis, Tran Minh Dien, Yijun Ding, Nguyen Trong Dung, Han Dong, Angela Dramowski, Madhusudhan DS, Ajay Dudeja, Jinxing Feng, Youri Glupczynski, Srishti Goel, Herman Goossens, Doan Thi Huong Hao, Mahmudul Islam Khan, Tatiana Munera Huertas, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Daniel Jarovsky, Nathalie Khavessian, Meera Khorana, Angeliki Kontou, Tomislav Kostyanev, Premsak Laoyookhon, Sorasak Lochindarat, Mattias Larsson, Maia De Luca, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Nivedita Mondal, Nitu Mundhra, Philippa Musoke, Marisa M. Mussi-Pinhata, Ruchi Nanavati, Firdose Nakwa, Sushma Nangia, Jolly Nankunda, Alessandra Nardone, Borna Nyaoke, Christina W. Obiero, Maxensia Owor, Wang Ping, Kanchana Preedisripipat, Shamim Qazi, Lifeng Qi, Tanusha Ramdin, Amy Riddell, Lorenza Romani, Praewpan Roysuwan, Robin Saggers, Emmanuel Roilides, Samir K. Saha, Kosmas Sarafidis, Valerie Tusubira, Reenu Thomas, Sithembiso Velaphi, Tuba Vilken, Xiaojiao Wang, Yajuan Wang, Yonghong Yang, Liu Zunjie, Sally Ellis, Julia A. Bielicki, A. Sarah Walker, Paul T. Heath, Mike Sharland

Same-day testing with initiation of antiretroviral therapy or tuberculosis treatment versus standard care for persons presenting with tuberculosis symptoms at HIV diagnosis: A randomized open-label trial from Haiti

Nancy Dorvil, Vanessa R. Rivera, Cynthia Riviere, Richard Berman, Patrice Severe, Heejung Bang, Kerlyne Lavoile, Jessy G. Devieux, Mikerlyne Faustin, Giovanni Saintyl, Maria Duran Mendicuti, Samuel Pierre, Alexandra Apollon, Emelyne Dumond, Guyrlaine Pierre Louis Forestal, Vanessa Rouzier, Adias Marcelin, Margaret L. McNairy, Kathleen F. Walsh, Kathryn Dupnik, Lindsey K. Reif, Anthony L. Byrne, Stephanie Bousleiman, Eli Orvis, Patrice Joseph, Pierre-Yves Cremieux, Jean William Pape, Serena P. Koenig

The association between alcohol consumption and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma according to glycemic status in Korea: A nationwide population-based study

Eun Ju Cho, Goh Eun Chung, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Yuri Cho, Dong Wook Shin, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Kyungdo Han, Su Jong Yu

Major trauma presentations and patient outcomes in English hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational cohort study

Carl Marincowitz, Omar Bouamra, Tim Coats, Dhushy Surendra Kumar, David Lockey, Lyndon Mason, Virginia Newcombe, Julian Thompson, Antoinette Edwards, Fiona Lecky

Prevalence and clonal diversity of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal infections: A systematic review of 128 articles across 30 countries

Ya Hu, Yongqiang Yang, Yu Feng, Qingqing Fang, Chengcheng Wang, Feifei Zhao, Alan McNally, Zhiyong Zong

Association between migration and severe maternal outcomes in high-income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Maxime Eslier, Elie Azria, Konstantinos Chatzistergiou, Zelda Stewart, Agnès Dechartres, Catherine Deneux-Tharaux

Caloric reductions needed to achieve obesity goals in Mexico for 2030 and 2040: A modeling study

Francisco Reyes-Sánchez, Ana Basto-Abreu, Rossana Torres-Álvarez, Martha Carnalla-Cortés, Alan Reyes-García, Boyd Swinburn, Rafael Meza, Juan A. Rivera, Barry Popkin, Tonatiuh Barientos-Gutiérrez

Impact of antibiotics on gut microbiome composition and resistome in the first years of life in low- to middle-income countries: A systematic review

Charlie C. Luchen, Mwelwa Chibuye, Rene Spijker, Michelo Simuyandi, Caroline Chisenga, Samuel Bosomprah, Roma Chilengi, Constance Schultsz, Daniel R. Mende, Vanessa C. Harris

Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica (EAST PMR): An open-label randomized controlled trial

Xinlei Ma, Fan Yang, Jinzhi Wu, Bei Xu, Mengdi Jiang, Yiduo Sun, Chuanying Sun, Ye Yu, Danyi Xu, Lanlan Xiao, Chunyun Ren, Chunyan Chen, Zi Ye, Junyu Liang, Jin Lin, Weiqian Chen

Exposure of progressive immune dysfunction by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A prospective cohort study

Kai Qin, Kazuhito Honjo, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Weimin Liu, Regina M. Stoltz, Allisa K. Oman, Lucinda A. Hall, Ran Li, Sarah Sterrett, Ellen R. Frederick, Jeffrey R. Lancaster, Mayur Narkhede, Amitkumar Mehta, Foluso J. Ogunsile, Rima B. Patel, Thomas J. Ketas, Victor M. Cruz Portillo, Albert Cupo, Benjamin M. Larimer, Anju Bansal, Paul A. Goepfert, Beatrice H. Hahn, Randall S. Davis