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December 2020

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infections at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has imposed a severe burden of illness and mortality on the world’s population. Amid uncertain national and international efforts to contain the spread of infection through non-pharmacological means such as restrictions on lifestyles and travel, intensive clinical research has been carried out to develop treatments for patients with COVID-19, alongside urgent programs to create vaccines able to prevent further infections. In a research article in PLOS Medicine, Min Seo Kim and co-workers report a systematic review and network meta-analysis of evidence from randomized trials and observational studies on pharmacological treatments for COVID-19.

Image Credit: NIAID-RML, Flickr

Research Articles

Mortality and major disease risk among migrants of the 1991–2001 Balkan wars to Sweden: A register-based cohort study

Edda Bjork Thordardottir, Li Yin, Arna Hauksdottir, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Anna-Clara Hollander, Christina M. Hultman, Paul Lichtenstein, Weimin Ye, Filip K. Arnberg, Fang Fang, Emily A. Holmes, Unnur Anna Valdimarsdottir

Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on neurodevelopment and growth in Nepalese Infants: A randomized controlled trial

Tor A. Strand, Manjeswori Ulak, Mari Hysing, Suman Ranjitkar, Ingrid Kvestad, Merina Shrestha, Per M. Ueland, Adrian McCann, Prakash S. Shrestha, Laxman S. Shrestha, Ram K. Chandyo

Intake of dietary fats and fatty acids and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

Manuela Neuenschwander, Janett Barbaresko, Claudia R. Pischke, Nadine Iser, Julia Beckhaus, Lukas Schwingshackl, Sabrina Schlesinger

Trade-offs between cost and accuracy in active case finding for tuberculosis: A dynamic modelling analysis

Lucia Cilloni, Katharina Kranzer, Helen R. Stagg, Nimalan Arinaminpathy

Evaluating the relationship between alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and cardiovascular disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study

Daniel B. Rosoff, George Davey Smith, Nehal Mehta, Toni-Kim Clarke, Falk W. Lohoff

Bariatric surgery for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin: Clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness analyses

Emma Rose McGlone, Iain Carey, Vladica Veličković, Prem Chana, Kamal Mahawar, Rachel L. Batterham, James Hopkins, Peter Walton, Robin Kinsman, James Byrne, Shaw Somers, David Kerrigan, Vinod Menon, Cynthia Borg, Ahmed Ahmed, Bruno Sgromo, Chandra Cheruvu, Gul Bano, Catherine Leonard, Howard Thom, Carel W le Roux, Marcus Reddy, Richard Welbourn, Peter Small, Omar A. Khan

Antenatal corticosteroid administration and early school age child development: A regression discontinuity study in British Columbia, Canada

Jennifer A. Hutcheon, Sam Harper, Jessica Liauw, M. Amanda Skoll, Myriam Srour, Erin C. Strumpf

Duration of obesity exposure between ages 10 and 40 years and its relationship with cardiometabolic disease risk factors: A cohort study

Tom Norris, Tim J. Cole, David Bann, Mark Hamer, Rebecca Hardy, Leah Li, Ken K. Ong, George B. Ploubidis, Russell Viner, William Johnson

Induction of labour at 41 weeks or expectant management until 42 weeks: A systematic review and an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials

Mårten Alkmark, Judit K. J. Keulen, Joep C. Kortekaas, Christina Bergh, Jeroen van Dillen, Ruben G. Duijnhoven, Henrik Hagberg, Ben Willem Mol, Mattias Molin, Joris A. M. van der Post, Sissel Saltvedt, Anna-Karin Wikström, Ulla-Britt Wennerholm, Esteriek de Miranda

Sweetened beverages and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses’ Health Study: A cohort study

Ellen A. Struijk, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Teresa T. Fung, Walter C. Willett, Frank B. Hu, Esther Lopez-Garcia

Associations among circulating sphingolipids, β-cell function, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study in China

Huan Yun, Liang Sun, Qingqing Wu, Geng Zong, Qibin Qi, Huaixing Li, He Zheng, Rong Zeng, Liming Liang, Xu Lin

A combination of urinary biomarker panel and PancRISK score for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer: A case–control study

Silvana Debernardi, Harrison O’Brien, Asma S. Algahmdi, Nuria Malats, Grant D. Stewart, Marija Plješa-Ercegovac, Eithne Costello, William Greenhalf, Amina Saad, Rhiannon Roberts, Alexander Ney, Stephen P. Pereira, Hemant M. Kocher, Stephen Duffy, Oleg Blyuss, Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic

The potential impact of urine-LAM diagnostics on tuberculosis incidence and mortality: A modelling analysis

Saskia Ricks, Claudia M. Denkinger, Samuel G. Schumacher, Timothy B. Hallett, Nimalan Arinaminpathy

Hospitalizations among adults with chronic kidney disease in the United States: A cohort study

Sarah J. Schrauben, Hsiang-Yu Chen, Eugene Lin, Christopher Jepson, Wei Yang, Julia J. Scialla, Michael J. Fischer, James P. Lash, Jeffrey C. Fink, L. Lee Hamm, Radhika Kanthety, Mahboob Rahman, Harold I. Feldman, Amanda H. Anderson, the CRIC Study Investigators

Thresholds of glycemia, insulin therapy, and risk for severe retinopathy in premature infants: A cohort study

Elsa Kermorvant-Duchemin, Guylène Le Meur, Frank Plaisant, Laetitia Marchand-Martin, Cyril Flamant, Raphaël Porcher, Alexandre Lapillonne, Sylvain Chemtob, Olivier Claris, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Jean-Christophe Rozé

Impact of scaling up dolutegravir on antiretroviral resistance in South Africa: A modeling study

Anthony Hauser, Katharina Kusejko, Leigh F. Johnson, Huldrych F. Günthard, Julien Riou, Gilles Wandeler, Matthias Egger, Roger D. Kouyos

Genetic associations with temporal shifts in obesity and severe obesity during the obesity epidemic in Norway: A longitudinal population-based cohort (the HUNT Study)

Maria Brandkvist, Johan Håkon Bjørngaard, Rønnaug Astri Ødegård, Ben Brumpton, George Davey Smith, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Erik R. Sund, Kirsti Kvaløy, Cristen J. Willer, Gunnhild Åberge Vie

Cardiovascular health metrics from mid- to late-life and risk of dementia: A population-based cohort study in Finland

Yajun Liang, Tiia Ngandu, Tiina Laatikainen, Hilkka Soininen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Miia Kivipelto, Chengxuan Qiu

Long-term health outcomes of people with reduced kidney function in the UK: A modelling study using population health data

Iryna Schlackow, Claire Simons, Jason Oke, Benjamin Feakins, Christopher A. O’Callaghan, F. D Richard Hobbs, Daniel Lasserson, Richard J. Stevens, Rafael Perera, Borislava Mihaylova

Impact of food supplements on early child development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A randomised 2 x 2 x 3 factorial trial in Burkina Faso

Mette F. Olsen, Ann-Sophie Iuel-Brockdorff, Charles W. Yaméogo, Bernardette Cichon, Christian Fabiansen, Suzanne Filteau, Kevin Phelan, Albertine Ouédraogo, Kim F. Michaelsen, Melissa Gladstone, Per Ashorn, André Briend, Christian Ritz, Henrik Friis, Vibeke B. Christensen

Association of macro-level determinants with adolescent overweight and suicidal ideation with planning: A cross-sectional study of 21 Latin American and Caribbean Countries

Christelle Elia, Alexis Karamanos, Alexandru Dregan, Majella O’Keeffe, Ingrid Wolfe, Jane Sandall, Craig Morgan, J. Kennedy Cruickshank, Reeta Gobin, Rainford Wilks, Seeromanie Harding

Associations between arterial stiffening and brain structure, perfusion, and cognition in the Whitehall II Imaging Sub-study: A retrospective cohort study

Sana Suri, Scott T. Chiesa, Enikő Zsoldos, Clare E. Mackay, Nicola Filippini, Ludovica Griffanti, Abda Mahmood, Archana Singh-Manoux, Martin J. Shipley, Eric J. Brunner, Mika Kivimäki, John E. Deanfield, Klaus P. Ebmeier