February 2007

Schematic image of neuraminidase, a protein found on the surface of influenza virus. Neuraminidase comes in several versions that differ between viral strains. One of them, the N1 version, is common to both the H5N1 "avian flu" strain and the more common seasonal H1N1 strains. The research article by Sandbulte and colleagues examines whether mice and humans who have been exposed to H1N1strains could develop immunity that provides some level of protection against the H5N1 strain. The implications of the findings are discussed in an accompanying Perspective article by Gillim-Ross and Subbarao.

Editorial

PLoS Medicine's Advisory Group on Publication Ethics

The PLoS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040081

Essays

Asthma in Africa

Matthias Wjst, Daniel Boakye

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040072

Monopolizing Clinical Trial Data: Implications and Trends

Karin Timmermans

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040002

When Should Potentially False Research Findings Be Considered Acceptable?

Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040026

Most Published Research Findings Are False—But a Little Replication Goes a Long Way

Ramal Moonesinghe, Muin J Khoury, A. Cecile J. W Janssens

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040028

Perspectives

How Can We Improve the Care of Severely Malnourished Children in Africa?

Geert Tom Heikens

PLOS Medicine: published January 30, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040045

Can Immunity Induced by the Human Influenza Virus N1 Neuraminidase Provide Some Protection from Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses?

Laura Gillim-Ross, Kanta Subbarao

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040091

Aquatic Insects and Mycobacterium ulcerans: An Association Relevant to Buruli Ulcer Control?

Manuel T Silva, Françoise Portaels, Jorge Pedrosa

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040063

Management of Cryptococcosis: How Are We Doing?

John R Perfect

PLOS Medicine: published February 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040047

Is Natural Ventilation a Useful Tool to Prevent the Airborne Spread of TB?

Peter Wilson

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040077

Making Human Neurons from Stem Cells after Spinal Cord Injury

Natalia Abramova Lowry, Sally Temple

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040048

Awakening from Sleep and Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Ilan Gabriely, Harry Shamoon

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040099

Contraceptive Use and the Poor: A Matter of Choice?

Duff Gillespie

PLOS Medicine: published February 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040049

Policy Forums

Undertaking Research in Other Countries: National Ethico-Legal Barometers and International Ethical Consensus Statements

Loane Skene

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040010

Opportunities for Providing Web-Based Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections in Peru

Walter H Curioso, Magaly M Blas, Bobbi Nodell, Isaac E Alva, Ann E Kurth

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040011

Angina, “Normal” Coronary Angiography, and Vascular Dysfunction: Risk Assessment Strategies

Raffaele Bugiardini, Lina Badimon, Peter Collins, Raimund Erbel, Kim Fox, Christian Hamm, Fausto Pinto, Annika Rosengren, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Lars Wallentin, Frans Van de Werf

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040012

What Drives Health-Care Spending Priorities? An International Survey of Health-Care Professionals

Glenn Salkeld, David Henry, Suzanne Hill, Danielle Lang, Nick Freemantle, Jefferson D'Assunção

PLOS Medicine: published February 20, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040094

Research in Translation

Cell-Based Bone Tissue Engineering

Gert J Meijer, Joost D de Bruijn, Ron Koole, Clemens A van Blitterswijk

PLOS Medicine: published February 20, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040009

Research Articles

Cross-Reactive Neuraminidase Antibodies Afford Partial Protection against H5N1 in Mice and Are Present in Unexposed Humans

Matthew R Sandbulte, Gretchen S Jimenez, Adrianus C. M Boon, Larry R Smith, John J Treanor, Richard J Webby

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040059

Rates of Latent Tuberculosis in Health Care Staff in Russia

Francis Drobniewski, Yanina Balabanova, Elena Zakamova, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Ivan Fedorin

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040055

Determinants of Treatment Adherence Among Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Southern Ethiopia

Estifanos Biru Shargie, Bernt Lindtjørn

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040037

Protection against Mycobacterium ulcerans Lesion Development by Exposure to Aquatic Insect Saliva

Laurent Marsollier, Estelle Deniaux, Priscille Brodin, Agnès Marot, Christelle Mbondji Wondje, Jean-Paul Saint-André, Annick Chauty, Christian Johnson, Fredj Tekaia, Edouard Yeramian, Pierre Legras, Bernard Carbonnelle, Gilles Reysset, Sara Eyangoh, Geneviève Milon, Stewart T Cole, Jacques Aubry

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040064

Determinants of Disease Presentation and Outcome during Cryptococcosis: The CryptoA/D Study

Françoise Dromer, Simone Mathoulin-Pélissier, Odile Launay, Olivier Lortholary, the French Cryptococcosis Study Group

PLOS Medicine: published February 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040021

Natural Ventilation for the Prevention of Airborne Contagion

A. Roderick Escombe, Clarissa C Oeser, Robert H Gilman, Marcos Navincopa, Eduardo Ticona, William Pan, Carlos Martínez, Jesus Chacaltana, Richard Rodríguez, David A. J Moore, Jon S Friedland, Carlton A Evans

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040068

Extensive Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cell Grafts in Adult Rat Spinal Cord

Jun Yan, Leyan Xu, Annie M Welsh, Glen Hatfield, Thomas Hazel, Karl Johe, Vassilis E Koliatsos

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040039

von Hippel-Lindau Disease-Associated Hemangioblastomas Are Derived from Embryologic Multipotent Cells

Deric M Park, Zhengping Zhuang, Ling Chen, Nicholas Szerlip, Irina Maric, Jie Li, Taesung Sohn, Stephanie H Kim, Irina A Lubensky, Alexander O Vortmeyer, Griffin P Rodgers, Edward H Oldfield, Russell R Lonser

PLOS Medicine: published February 13, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040060

NSAIDs Modulate CDKN2A, TP53, and DNA Content Risk for Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Patricia C Galipeau, Xiaohong Li, Patricia L Blount, Carlo C Maley, Carissa A Sanchez, Robert D Odze, Kamran Ayub, Peter S Rabinovitch, Thomas L Vaughan, Brian J Reid

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040067

Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm and Atopy in Ghana: Two Surveys Ten Years Apart

Emmanuel O. D Addo-Yobo, Ashley Woodcock, Adorkor Allotey, Benjamin Baffoe-Bonnie, David Strachan, Adnan Custovic

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040070

Defective Awakening Response to Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Bernd Schultes, Kamila Jauch-Chara, Steffen Gais, Manfred Hallschmid, Eva Reiprich, Werner Kern, Kerstin M Oltmanns, Achim Peters, Horst L Fehm, Jan Born

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040069

Reporting Methods of Blinding in Randomized Trials Assessing Nonpharmacological Treatments

Isabelle Boutron, Lydia Guittet, Candice Estellat, David Moher, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Philippe Ravaud

PLOS Medicine: published February 20, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040061

Use of Modern Contraception by the Poor Is Falling Behind

Emmanuela Gakidou, Effy Vayena

PLOS Medicine: published February 6, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040031

Correspondence

Adherence to HAART: Africans Take Medicines More Faithfully than North Americans

Amir Attaran

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040083

“The Right Stuff”: The Global Burden of Disease

Bolajoko O Olusanya

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040084

Gut Mucosa in HIV Infection: “Immune Milk” Solution

Shawn J Green

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040085

Educating Health Professionals about Drug and Device Promotion: Authors' Reply

Peter R Mansfield, Jerome R Hoffman, Joel Lexchin

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040088

Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine: Free Infant Formula for HIV-Exposed Infants

Ted Greiner, Christophe Grundmann, Katherine Krasovec, Christian Pitter, Catherine Wilfert

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040087

Blindness Survey Methods: Response from Sudan Study Authors

Jeremiah Ngondi, Francis Ole-Sempele, Alice Onsarigo, Ibrahim Matende, Samson Baba, Mark Reacher, Fiona Matthews, Carol Brayne, Paul M Emerson

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040086

Educating Health Professionals about Drug and Device Promotion: A Nepalese Perspective

P. Ravi Shankar

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040089

Corrections

Correction: Early-Life Family Structure and Microbially Induced Cancer Risk

Martin J Blaser, Abraham Nomura, James Lee, Grant N Stemmerman, Guillermo I Perez-Perez

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040100

Correction: Vaccine Efficacy in Senescent Mice Challenged with Recombinant SARS-CoV Bearing Epidemic and Zoonotic Spike Variants

Damon Deming, Timothy Sheahan, Mark Heise, Boyd Yount, Nancy Davis, Amy Sims, Mehul Suthar, Jack Harkema, Alan Whitmore, Raymond Pickles, Ande West, Eric Donaldson, Kristopher Curtis, Robert Johnston, Ralph Baric

PLOS Medicine: published February 27, 2007 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040080

Cover

Neuraminidase: Potential Protection against Avian Flu.

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