Ethnic differences in early onset multimorbidity and associations with health service use, long-term prescribing, years of life lost, and mortality: A cross-sectional study using clustering in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink

• Fabiola Eto ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: f.eto@qmul.ac.uk

  Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-8649

  ⨯
• Miriam Samuel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-435X

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• Rafael Henkin,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-5230

  ⨯
• Meera Mahesh,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7417-2088

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• Tahania Ahmad,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3117-4428

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• Alisha Angdembe,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

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• R. Hamish McAllister-Williams,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, Northern Centre for Mood Disorders, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9966-1834

  ⨯
• Paolo Missier,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-2446

  ⨯
• Nick J. Reynolds,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-825X

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• Michael R. Barnes,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-7381

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• Sally Hull,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-7519

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• Sarah Finer ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah Finer, Rohini Mathur

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-4653

  ⨯
• Rohini Mathur

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah Finer, Rohini Mathur

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-8790

  ⨯