Direct maternal morbidity and the risk of pregnancy-related deaths, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: A population-based prospective cohort study in 8 countries

• Fahad Aftab,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Public Health Kinetics (CPHK), New Delhi, Delhi, India

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-0101

  ⨯
• Imran Ahmed,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Salahuddin Ahmed,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  ⨯
• Said Mohammed Ali,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Public Health Laboratory-IdC, Pemba Island, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania

  ⨯
• Seeba Amenga-Etego,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana

  ⨯
• Shabina Ariff,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Rajiv Bahl ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: bahlr@who.int (RB); yoshidas@who.int (SY)

  Affiliation Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Abdullah H. Baqui,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-1983

  ⨯
• Nazma Begum,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  ⨯
• Zulfiqar A. Bhutta,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-599X

  ⨯
• Godfrey Biemba,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation National Health Research Authority, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia

  ⨯
• Simon Cousens,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Vinita Das,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

  ⨯
• Saikat Deb,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Public Health Kinetics (CPHK), New Delhi, Delhi, India, Public Health Laboratory-IdC, Pemba Island, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-7194

  ⨯
• Usha Dhingra,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Public Health Kinetics (CPHK), New Delhi, Delhi, India

  ⨯
• Arup Dutta,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Public Health Kinetics (CPHK), New Delhi, Delhi, India

  ⨯
• Karen Edmond,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Fabian Esamai,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Eldoret, Moi University, Kenya

  ⨯
• Amit Kumar Ghosh,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Government of India, New Delhi, India

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-3685

  ⨯
• Peter Gisore,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Eldoret, Moi University, Kenya

  ⨯
• Caroline Grogan,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ariadne Labs, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Davidson H. Hamer,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4700-1495

  ⨯
• Julie Herlihy,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lisa Hurt,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-5383

  ⨯
• Muhammad Ilyas,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-2084

  ⨯
• Fyezah Jehan,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-4358

  ⨯
• Mohammed Hamad Juma,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Public Health Laboratory-IdC, Pemba Island, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania

  ⨯
• Michel Kalonji,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Community Health, Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Demographic Republic of Congo

  ⨯
• Rasheda Khanam,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-8594

  ⨯
• Betty R. Kirkwood,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5274-6072

  ⨯
• Aarti Kumar,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Community Empowerment Lab, Shivgarh, India

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4331-3747

  ⨯
• Alok Kumar,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Government of Uttar Pradesh, India

  ⨯
• Vishwajeet Kumar,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Community Empowerment Lab, Shivgarh, India

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-7152

  ⨯
• Alexander Manu,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Irene Marete,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Eldoret, Moi University, Kenya

  ⨯
• Usma Mehmood,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Nicole Minckas,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Shambhavi Mishra,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Community Empowerment Lab, Shivgarh, India, Department of Statistics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-067X

  ⨯
• Dipak K. Mitra,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8680-4146

  ⨯
• Mamun Ibne Moin,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-7533

  ⨯
• Karim Muhammad,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Sam Newton,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi Ghana

  ⨯
• Serge Ngaima,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Community Health, Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Demographic Republic of Congo

  ⨯
• Andre Nguwo,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Community Health, Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Demographic Republic of Congo

  ⨯
• Muhammad Imran Nisar,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-4720

  ⨯
• John Otomba,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Community Health, Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Demographic Republic of Congo

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9253-797X

  ⨯
• Mohammad Abdul Quaiyum,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-4292

  ⨯
• Sophie Sarrassat,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-6455

  ⨯
• Sunil Sazawal,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Public Health Kinetics (CPHK), New Delhi, Delhi, India

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-9085

  ⨯
• Katherine E. Semrau,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Ariadne Labs, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Global Health Equity, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-1391

  ⨯
• Caitlin Shannon,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation CARE USA, Atlanta, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-421X

  ⨯
• Vinay Pratap Singh,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Community Empowerment Lab, Shivgarh, India

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1421-8775

  ⨯
• Sajid Soofi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-8406

  ⨯
• Seyi Soremekun,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-0220

  ⨯
• Atifa Mohammed Suleiman,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Public Health Laboratory-IdC, Pemba Island, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania

  ⨯
• Venantius Sunday,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Eldoret, Moi University, Kenya

  ⨯
• Thandassery R. Dilip,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-2383

  ⨯
• Antoinette Tshefu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Community Health, Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Demographic Republic of Congo

  ⨯
• Yaqub Wasan,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-6173

  ⨯
• Kojo Yeboah-Antwi,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-9266

  ⨯
• Sachiyo Yoshida ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: bahlr@who.int (RB); yoshidas@who.int (SY)

  Affiliation Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Anita K. Zaidi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• on behalf of The Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) maternal morbidity study group

  ¶‡ All authors contributed equally to the paper and all authors are listed in alphabetical order.

  ⨯
• [ view all ]
• [ view less ]