Predicting and elucidating the etiology of fatty liver disease: A machine learning modeling and validation study in the IMI DIRECT cohorts

• Naeimeh Atabaki-Pasdar,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-1888

  ⨯
• Mattias Ohlsson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Computational Biology and Biological Physics Unit, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-4297

  ⨯
• Ana Viñuela,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-8537

  ⨯
• Francesca Frau,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

  ⨯
• Hugo Pomares-Millan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-4576

  ⨯
• Mark Haid,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-1333

  ⨯
• Angus G. Jones,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-7599

  ⨯
• E. Louise Thomas,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-4694

  ⨯
• Robert W. Koivula,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1646-4163

  ⨯
• Azra Kurbasic,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1910-2619

  ⨯
• Pascal M. Mutie,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  ⨯
• Hugo Fitipaldi,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-2134

  ⨯
• Juan Fernandez,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  ⨯
• Adem Y. Dawed,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-2428

  ⨯
• Giuseppe N. Giordano,

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  ⨯
• Ian M. Forgie,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8800-6145

  ⨯
• Timothy J. McDonald,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, Blood Sciences, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Femke Rutters,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  ⨯
• Henna Cederberg,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-9373

  ⨯
• Elizaveta Chabanova,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark

  ⨯
• Matilda Dale,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-7744

  ⨯
• Federico De Masi,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-4170

  ⨯
• Cecilia Engel Thomas,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-6380

  ⨯
• Kristine H. Allin,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6880-5759

  ⨯
• Tue H. Hansen,

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-8993

  ⨯
• Alison Heggie,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Mun-Gwan Hong,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

  ⨯
• Petra J. M. Elders,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-7219

  ⨯
• Gwen Kennedy,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Immunoassay Biomarker Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-3236

  ⨯
• Tarja Kokkola,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3303-3912

  ⨯
• Helle Krogh Pedersen,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-7377

  ⨯
• Anubha Mahajan,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5585-3420

  ⨯
• Donna McEvoy,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-5567

  ⨯
• Francois Pattou,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Lille, Inserm, UMR 1190, Translational Research in Diabetes, Department of Endocrine Surgery, CHU Lille, Lille, France

  ⨯
• Violeta Raverdy,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Lille, Inserm, UMR 1190, Translational Research in Diabetes, Department of Endocrine Surgery, CHU Lille, Lille, France

  ⨯
• Ragna S. Häussler,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-8875

  ⨯
• Sapna Sharma,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany, Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Henrik S. Thomsen,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark

  ⨯
• Jagadish Vangipurapu,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-2659

  ⨯
• Henrik Vestergaard,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3090-269X

  ⨯
• Leen M. ‘t Hart,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-2938

  ⨯
• Jerzy Adamski,

  Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Petra B. Musholt,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Diabetes Division, Research and Development, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany

  ⨯
• Soren Brage,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-7355

  ⨯
• Søren Brunak,

  Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Emmanouil Dermitzakis,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Gary Frost,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-6325

  ⨯
• Torben Hansen,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-3831

  ⨯
• Markku Laakso,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Oluf Pedersen,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Martin Ridderstråle,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Medicine, Novo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark

  ⨯
• Hartmut Ruetten,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

  ⨯
• Andrew T. Hattersley,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5620-473X

  ⨯
• Mark Walker,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Joline W. J. Beulens,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

  ⨯
• Andrea Mari,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-5591

  ⨯
• Jochen M. Schwenk,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-8449

  ⨯
• Ramneek Gupta,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-6676

  ⨯
• Mark I. McCarthy,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, OMNI Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-0510

  ⨯
• Ewan R. Pearson,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-8585

  ⨯
• Jimmy D. Bell,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-1281

  ⨯
• Imre Pavo,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Paul W. Franks

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Paul.Franks@med.lu.se

  Affiliations Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-7604

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