About the Authors

Sabine Naudin

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France, UPS, UVSQ, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Gustave Roussy, Centre for research in epidemiology and population health, Villejuif, France

Molin Wang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Niki Dimou

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

Elmira Ebrahimi

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

Jeanine Genkinger

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America, Cancer Epidemiology Population Sciences Program, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Hans-Olov Adami

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Demetrius Albanes

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Ana Babic

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Matt Barnett

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

David Bogumil

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Hui Cai

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Chu Chen

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

A. Heather Eliassen

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jo L. Freudenheim

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

Gretchen Gierach

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Edward L. Giovannucci

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marc J. Gunter

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

Niclas Håkansson

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Mayo Hirabayashi

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan

Tao Hou

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Brian Z. Huang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Wen-Yi Huang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Harindra Jayasekara

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

Michael E. Jones

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom

Verena A. Katzke

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nutritional Epidemioloy, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

Woon-Puay Koh

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

James V. Lacey

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America

Ylva Trolle Lagerros

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Center for Obesity, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Sweden

Susanna C. Larsson

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Linda M. Liao

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Kenneth Lo

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

Erikka Loftfield

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Robert J. MacInnis

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Satu Männistö

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Marjorie L. McCullough

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Anthony Miller

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Roger L. Milne

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

Steven C. Moore

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Lorelei A. Mucci

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Discovery Sciences, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Marian L. Neuhouser

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Alpa V. Patel

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Platz

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Anna Prizment

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, and the University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Kim Robien

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia, United States of America

Thomas E. Rohan

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America

Carlotta Sacerdote

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy

Sven Sandin

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

Norie Sawada

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan

Minouk Schoemaker

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation IQVIA, Global Database Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Xiao-Ou Shu

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Rashmi Sinha

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Linda Snetselaar

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Meir J. Stampfer

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Cynthia A. Thomson

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America

Anne Tjønneland

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Danish Cancer Institute, Diet, Cancer and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark

Caroline Y. Um

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Piet A. van den Brandt

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Kala Visvanathan

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Sophia S. Wang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America

Renwei Wang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Elisabete Weiderpass

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

Stephanie J. Weinstein

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Emily White

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Walter Willett

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alicja Woslk

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Brian M. Wolpin

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Shiaw-Shyuan S. Yaun

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Chen Yuan

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jian-Min Yuan

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Wei Zheng

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Paul Brennan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

Stephanie A. Smith-Warner

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ SAS and PF are joint last authors on this work.

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pietro Ferrari

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ferrarip@iarc.who.int

‡ SAS and PF are joint last authors on this work.

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: MS is employed at IQVIA, a contract research company, and has no financial stake in the results of the current study. WZ and SCM are Academic Editors on PLOS Medicine's editorial board.