About the Authors

John Whitaker

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

j.whitaker@bham.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Idara Edem

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, Michigan, United States of America, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Ella Togun

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Abena S. Amoah

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (formerly Karonga Prevention Study), Chilumba, Malawi, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Albert Dube

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (formerly Karonga Prevention Study), Chilumba, Malawi

Lindani Chirwa

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Karonga District Hospital, Karonga District Health Office, Karonga, Malawi, School of Medicine & Oral Health, Department of Pathology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi

Boston Munthali

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Mzuzu Central Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mzuzu, Malawi, Lilongwe Institute of Orthopaedic and Neurosurgery, Lilongwe, Malawi

Giulia Brunelli

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Geography and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Thomas Van Boeckel

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Geography and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, United States of America

Rory Rickard

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Andrew JM Leather

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Justine Davies

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Global Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.