About the Authors

David R. M. Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

david.smith@ndph.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), Paris, France, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Anti-infective evasion and pharmacoepidemiology team, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France, Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France, Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

George Shirreff

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), Paris, France, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Anti-infective evasion and pharmacoepidemiology team, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France, Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France

Laura Temime

Contributed equally to this work with: Laura Temime, Lulla Opatowski

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France, PACRI unit, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France

Lulla Opatowski

Contributed equally to this work with: Laura Temime, Lulla Opatowski

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), Paris, France, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Anti-infective evasion and pharmacoepidemiology team, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: L.O. reports grants from Pfizer outside the submitted work. Authors declare no other competing interests