About the Authors

Neal J. Russell

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

nrussell@sgul.ac.uk

‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation Center for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection (CNPI), Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

Wolfgang Stöhr

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom

Nishad Plakkal

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India

Aislinn Cook

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection (CNPI), Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

James A. Berkley

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Clinical Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi, Kenya

Bethou Adhisivam

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India

Ramesh Agarwal

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Newborn Division and WHO-CC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Nawshad Uddin Ahmed

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Child Health Research Foundation (CHRF), Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Manica Balasegaram

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland

Daynia Ballot

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Adrie Bekker

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Eitan Naaman Berezin

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Davide Bilardi

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Penta Foundation, Padova, Italy

Suppawat Boonkasidecha

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand

Cristina G. Carvalheiro

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Neema Chami

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Suman Chaurasia

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, New Delhi, India

Sara Chiurchiu

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Academic Hospital Paediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy

Viviane Rinaldi Favarin Colas

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Simon Cousens

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Tim R. Cressey

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation PHPT/IRD-MIVEGEC, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Ana Carolina Dantas de Assis

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Tran Minh Dien

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam

Yijun Ding

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam

Nguyen Trong Dung

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam

Han Dong

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Angela Dramowski

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Madhusudhan DS

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neonatology Department, Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India

Ajay Dudeja

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, New Delhi, India

Jinxing Feng

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China

Youri Glupczynski

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Srishti Goel

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, New Delhi, India

Herman Goossens

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Doan Thi Huong Hao

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam

Mahmudul Islam Khan

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Child Health Research Foundation (CHRF), Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Tatiana Munera Huertas

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection (CNPI), Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

Mohammad Shahidul Islam

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Child Health Research Foundation (CHRF), Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Daniel Jarovsky

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Nathalie Khavessian

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland

Meera Khorana

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand

Angeliki Kontou

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neonatology Dept, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

Tomislav Kostyanev

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Premsak Laoyookhon

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand

Sorasak Lochindarat

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand

Mattias Larsson

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Maia De Luca

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Academic Hospital Paediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy

Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Nivedita Mondal

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India

Nitu Mundhra

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neonatology Department, Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India

Philippa Musoke

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University and MUJHU Care, Kampala, Uganda

Marisa M. Mussi-Pinhata

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Ruchi Nanavati

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neonatology Department, Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India

Firdose Nakwa

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Sushma Nangia

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, New Delhi, India

Jolly Nankunda

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda

Alessandra Nardone

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Penta Foundation, Padova, Italy

Borna Nyaoke

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland

Christina W. Obiero

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Clinical Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Maxensia Owor

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda

Wang Ping

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Kanchana Preedisripipat

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand

Shamim Qazi

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation World Health Organization, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Department, Geneva, Switzerland

Lifeng Qi

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China

Tanusha Ramdin

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

Amy Riddell

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection (CNPI), Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

Lorenza Romani

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Academic Hospital Paediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy

Praewpan Roysuwan

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation PHPT/IRD-MIVEGEC, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Robin Saggers

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

Emmanuel Roilides

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Dept Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

Samir K. Saha

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Child Health Research Foundation (CHRF), Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Kosmas Sarafidis

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neonatology Dept, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

Valerie Tusubira

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University and MUJHU Care, Kampala, Uganda

Reenu Thomas

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Sithembiso Velaphi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Tuba Vilken

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Xiaojiao Wang

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children’s Health, Beijing, China

Yajuan Wang

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China

Yonghong Yang

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China

Liu Zunjie

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Sally Ellis

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland

Julia A. Bielicki

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection (CNPI), Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

A. Sarah Walker

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom

Paul T. Heath

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection (CNPI), Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

Mike Sharland

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection (CNPI), Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Members of the funder (MB, NK, SE) participated as authors on the study, reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.