About the Authors

Lisa Koeppel

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Sabine Dittrich

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations FIND, Geneva, Switzerland, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Sergio Brenner Miguel

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliation Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

Sergio Carmona

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation FIND, Geneva, Switzerland

Stefano Ongarello

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation FIND, Geneva, Switzerland

Beatrice Vetter

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation FIND, Geneva, Switzerland

Jennifer Elizabeth Cohn

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America

Till Baernighausen

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa, Department of Global Health and Population at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pascal Geldsetzer

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Claudia M. Denkinger

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Claudia.denkinger@uni-heidelberg.de

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

HPACC Consortium

Members of the HPACC Consortium are listed in S1 HPACC Consortium.

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: CMD is an Academic Editor on PLOS Medicine’s editorial board. TB has been Editor-in-Chief of PLOS Medicine since September 2022. DS, SC, SO, BV are FIND employees.