About the Authors

Ruud G. Nijman

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

r.nijman@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliations Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Division of Medicine, St. Mary’s hospital—Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Pediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Kate Honeyford

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Ruth Farrugia

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta

Katy Rose

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Division of Medicine, St. Mary’s hospital—Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom, Division of Emergency Medicine–Pediatrics, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Zsolt Bognar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary

Danilo Buonsenso

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Liviana Da Dalt

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

Tisham De

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Ian K. Maconochie

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Division of Medicine, St. Mary’s hospital—Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Pediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Niccolo Parri

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department & Trauma Center, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer Firenze, Florence, Italy

Damian Roland

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations SAPPHIRE Group, Health Sciences, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Leicester Academic (PEMLA) Group, Leicester Hospitals, Leicester, United Kingdom

Tobias Alfven

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric emergency department, Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Camille Aupiais

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Bondy, France

Michael Barrett

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland, Women’s and Children’s Health, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, National Children’s Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

Romain Basmaci

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Department, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France

Dorine Borensztajn

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Emergency Department, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands

Susana Castanhinha

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Hospital Dona Estefania, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal

Corinne Vasilico

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

Sheena Durnin

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

Paddy Fitzpatrick

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland

Laszlo Fodor

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Department, Szent Gyorgy University Teaching Hospital of Fejer County, Szekesfehervar, Hungary

Borja Gomez

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Pediatric emergency department, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain

Susanne Greber-Platzer

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Pediatric Emergency Outpatient Clinic, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Centre for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Romain Guedj

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Department, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France

Stuart Hartshorn

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Pediatric emergency department, Birmingham women’s and children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Florian Hey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric emergency department and pediatric intensive care unit, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

Lina Jankauskaite

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania

Daniela Kohlfuerst

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Mojca Kolnik

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Univerzitetni Klinični Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Mark D. Lyttle

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Patrícia Mação

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Service, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

Maria Inês Mascarenhas

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departamento da Criança e do Jovem- Urgencia Pediatrica, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal

Shrouk Messahel

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric emergency department, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Esra Akyüz Özkan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Emergency Department, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey

Zanda Pučuka

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric emergency department, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia

Sofia Reis

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric Department, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal

Alexis Rybak

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Pediatric Emergency Department, Hopital Universitaire Robert-Debre, Paris, France, ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France, INSERM, ECEVE, Université de Paris, Paris, France

Malin Ryd Rinder

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric emergency department, Astrid Lindgrens Children’s hospital, Karolinska University, Solna, Sweden

Ozlem Teksam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Caner Turan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Toroslar, Mersin, Turkey

Valtýr Stefánsson Thors

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Children´s Hospital, Barnaspitali Hringsins, Reykjavik, Iceland

Roberto Velasco

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pediatric emergency unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Silvia Bressan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

Henriette A. Moll

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Rianne Oostenbrink

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Luigi Titomanlio

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Pediatric Emergency Department, Hopital Universitaire Robert-Debre, Paris, France, ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France, INSERM, ECEVE, Université de Paris, Paris, France

in association with the REPEM network (Research in European Pediatric Emergency Medicine) as part of the EPISODES study group

Membership of the EPISODES study group is provided in S1 Appendix

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.