About the Authors

Liz Morrell

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

liz.morrell@ndph.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

James Buchanan

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Laurence S. J. Roope

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Koen B. Pouwels

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Christopher C. Butler

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Benedict Hayhoe

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Sarah Tonkin-Crine

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Monsey McLeod

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Medication Safety and Service Quality, Pharmacy Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Julie V. Robotham

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom

Alison Holmes

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

A. Sarah Walker

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Sarah Wordsworth

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

STEPUP team

Membership of STEP-UP team is provided in the Acknowledgements.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.