About the Authors

Sophie V. Eastwood

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sophie.eastwood@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

Rohini Mathur

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Naveed Sattar

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Liam Smeeth

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Krishnan Bhaskaran

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Nishi Chaturvedi

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: RM reports a grant from the Wellcome Trust during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Amgen, outside the submitted work. NS has received grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, and personal fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi outside the submitted work. LS has received grants from the British Heart Foundation and Diabetes UK during the conduct of the study, grants from the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, GlaxoSmithKline, British Heart Foundation, Diabetes UK, the Newton Fund and UKRI, outside the submitted work, and is a non-executive director of the MHRA. KB has received grants from the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society during the conduct of this study. NC has received grants from Diabetes UK during the conduct of this study and personal fees from AstraZeneca outside of the submitted work. SVE has no competing interests to declare.