About the Authors

Winnie Chua

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Jonathan P. Law

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Victor R. Cardoso

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Yanish Purmah

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Georgiana Neculau

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Muhammad Jawad-Ul-Qamar

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Kalisha Russell

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Ashley Turner

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Samantha P. Tull

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Frantisek Nehaj

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Paul Brady

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Peter Kastner

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany

André Ziegler

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland

Georgios V. Gkoutos

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Davor Pavlovic

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Charles J. Ferro

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Paulus Kirchhof

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany

Larissa Fabritz

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

L.Fabritz@bham.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: LF has received institutional research grants and non-financial support from European Union, British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and DFG and Gilead. PK and LF are listed as inventors on two patents held by University of Birmingham (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571, Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783). PKi has received additional support for research from the European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and German Centre for Heart Research, from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation, honoraria from several such companies. PKa is an employee of Roche Diagnostics GmbH. AZ is an employee of Roche Diagnostics Intl. All other authors have reported no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.