About the Authors

Mark J. Siedner

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark J. Siedner, Guy Harling

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

msiedner@mgh.harvard.edu

Affiliations Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Guy Harling

Contributed equally to this work with: Mark J. Siedner, Guy Harling

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, University College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC/Wits Agincourt Unit, Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zahra Reynolds

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rebecca F. Gilbert

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sebastien Haneuse

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Atheendar S. Venkataramani

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Alexander C. Tsai

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: GH reports having received funding within the past five years from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the Wellcome Trust, the Royal Society, and the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). ACT receives a stipend as a Specialty Consulting Editor for PLOS Medicine and serves on the journal's editorial board. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.