About the Authors

Naeimeh Atabaki-Pasdar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Mattias Ohlsson

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Computational Biology and Biological Physics Unit, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden

Ana Viñuela

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland

Francesca Frau

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Hugo Pomares-Millan

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Mark Haid

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

Angus G. Jones

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

E. Louise Thomas

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

Robert W. Koivula

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Azra Kurbasic

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Pascal M. Mutie

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Hugo Fitipaldi

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Juan Fernandez

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Adem Y. Dawed

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

Giuseppe N. Giordano

Roles Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Ian M. Forgie

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

Timothy J. McDonald

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, Blood Sciences, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom

Femke Rutters

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Henna Cederberg

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Elizaveta Chabanova

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark

Matilda Dale

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

Federico De Masi

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Cecilia Engel Thomas

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

Kristine H. Allin

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tue H. Hansen

Roles Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark

Alison Heggie

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Mun-Gwan Hong

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

Petra J. M. Elders

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Gwen Kennedy

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Immunoassay Biomarker Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

Tarja Kokkola

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Helle Krogh Pedersen

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Anubha Mahajan

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Donna McEvoy

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Francois Pattou

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Lille, Inserm, UMR 1190, Translational Research in Diabetes, Department of Endocrine Surgery, CHU Lille, Lille, France

Violeta Raverdy

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Lille, Inserm, UMR 1190, Translational Research in Diabetes, Department of Endocrine Surgery, CHU Lille, Lille, France

Ragna S. Häussler

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

Sapna Sharma

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany, Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

Henrik S. Thomsen

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark

Jagadish Vangipurapu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Henrik Vestergaard

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

Leen M. ‘t Hart

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

Jerzy Adamski

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Petra B. Musholt

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Diabetes Division, Research and Development, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany

Soren Brage

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Søren Brunak

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Emmanouil Dermitzakis

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland

Gary Frost

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Torben Hansen

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Markku Laakso

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

Oluf Pedersen

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Martin Ridderstråle

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Medicine, Novo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark

Hartmut Ruetten

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Andrew T. Hattersley

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Mark Walker

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Joline W. J. Beulens

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Andrea Mari

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy

Jochen M. Schwenk

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden

Ramneek Gupta

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Mark I. McCarthy

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, OMNI Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Ewan R. Pearson

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom

Jimmy D. Bell

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

Imre Pavo

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria

Paul W. Franks

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Paul.Franks@med.lu.se

Affiliations Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: PWF is a consultant for Novo Nordisk, Lilly, and Zoe Global Ltd., and has received research grants from numerous diabetes drug companies. HR is an employee and shareholder of Sanofi. MIM: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. MIM has served on advisory panels for Pfizer, NovoNordisk and Zoe Global, has received honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, and research funding from Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, and Takeda. As of June 2019, MIM is an employee of Genentech, and a holder of Roche stock. AM is a consultant for Lilly and has received research grants from several diabetes drug companies.