About the Authors

Alexander J. F. Davidson

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Alison L. Park

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Howard Berger

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kazuyoshi Aoyama

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Ziv Harel

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jocelynn L. Cook

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Joel G. Ray

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

rayj@smh.ca

Affiliations University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.