About the Authors

Mary Clare Kennedy

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

bccsu-mck@bccsu.ubc.ca

Affiliations British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Kanna Hayashi

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

M-J Milloy

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Evan Wood

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Thomas Kerr

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: MJM's institution has received an unstructured gift to support his research from NG Biomed, Ltd, an applicant to the Canadian federal government for a license to produce medical cannabis. He is the Canopy Growth Professor of cannabis science at the University of British Columbia, a position created by an unstructured gift to the university from Canopy Growth, a licensed producer of cannabis, and the Government of British Columbia's Ministry of Mental Health and Addictions. KH has an unpaid appointment as a member of the Scientific and Research Staff at the Department of Family and Community Practice of the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, which runs supervised injection facilities that were examined in the present study. However, neither the health authority nor the aforementioned funders had a role in the study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the paper; or decision to submit for publication. All other authors have declared that they have no competing interests.