About the Authors

William D. Thompson

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Jessica Tyrrell

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Maria-Carolina Borges

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Robin N. Beaumont

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Bridget A. Knight

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Andrew R. Wood

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Susan M. Ring

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Andrew T. Hattersley

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Rachel M. Freathy

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Debbie A. Lawlor

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

DAL has received support from Medtronic LTD and Roche Diagnostics for biomarker research that is not related to the study presented in this paper. SMR has received funding from the MRC, ESRC, and Wellcome Trust. The other authors report no conflicts.