About the Authors

Pascal Geldsetzer

Contributed equally to this work with: Pascal Geldsetzer, Joel M. Francis

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joel M. Francis

Contributed equally to this work with: Pascal Geldsetzer, Joel M. Francis

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

joelmfrancis@gmail.com

Affiliations Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

David Sando

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gerda Asmus

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

Irene A. Lema

Roles Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Eric Mboggo

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Happiness Koda

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Sharon Lwezaula

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tanzanian National AIDS Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Ramya Ambikapathi

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Wafaie Fawzi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nzovu Ulenga

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Till Bärnighausen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.