About the Authors

Ezio Bonifacio

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation DFG–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Andreas Beyerlein

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

Markus Hippich

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

Christiane Winkler

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

Kendra Vehik

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America

Michael N. Weedon

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom

Michael Laimighofer

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

Andrew T. Hattersley

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom

Jan Krumsiek

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

Brigitte I. Frohnert

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Andrea K. Steck

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

William A. Hagopian

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jeffrey P. Krischer

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America

Åke Lernmark

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden

Marian J. Rewers

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Jin-Xiong She

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

Jorma Toppari

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Beena Akolkar

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Richard A. Oram

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, National Institute for Health Research, Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom

Stephen S. Rich

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Anette-G. Ziegler

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

anette-g.ziegler@helmholtz-muenchen.de

Affiliations Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany, Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany

for the TEDDY Study Group

Membership of the TEDDY Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: A patent has been applied for (EP17178396/LU100334) with the title "Method the risk to develop type 1 diabetes" by Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH). EB, AGZ, CW and JK are one of the inventors. The patent includes the genetic score that is examined in the manuscript. RAO has a personal funding from Diabetes UK to study the biology of Type 1 diabetes (this includes a research grant to work on genetic risk scores in Type 1 diabetes). RAO has a UK Medical Research Council confidence in concept grant to turn a type 1 diabetes genetic risk score into a diagnostic test for clinical practice. AB, MH, KV, MNW, ML, ATH, BIF, AKS, WAH, JPK, AL, MJR, JXS, JT, BA, SSR have declared that no other competing interests exist.