About the Authors

Mairead Black

mairead.black@abdn.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Siladitya Bhattacharya

Affiliation Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Sam Philip

Affiliation Diabetes Research Unit, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Jane E. Norman

Affiliation Tommy’s Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

David J. McLernon

Affiliation Medical Statistics Team, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JEN has grants from government bodies and charities for research into preterm birth stillbirth and the consequences of obesity in pregnancy. JEN also sits (unpaid) on a DMC for Glaxo Smith Kline. The remaining authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MB SB JEN. Performed the experiments: MB DJM. Analyzed the data: MB DJM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SP. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: MB. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MB DJM SP JEN SB. Agree with the manuscript’s results and conclusions: MB DJM SP JEN SB. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.