About the Authors

Michelle M. Mello

mmello@law.stanford.edu

Affiliations Stanford Law School, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Maria W. Merritt

Affiliations Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Scott D. Halpern

Affiliation Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: MMM MWM SDH. Wrote the paper: MMM MWM SDH. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: MMM MWM SDH. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.