About the Authors

Charles S. Morrison

cmorrison@fhi360.org

Affiliation Clinical Sciences, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Pai-Lien Chen

Affiliation Biostatistics, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Cynthia Kwok

Affiliation Biostatistics, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Jared M. Baeten

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Joelle Brown

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Angela M. Crook

Affiliation Medical Research Council, Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Lut Van Damme

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sinead Delany-Moretlwe

Affiliation Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa

Suzanna C. Francis

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Barbara A. Friedland

Affiliation Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America

Richard J. Hayes

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Renee Heffron

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Saidi Kapiga

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Quarraisha Abdool Karim

Affiliation Center for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

Stephanie Karpoff

Affiliation Diversity Research Programs, Multicenter Protocols Group, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Rupert Kaul

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

R. Scott McClelland

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Sheena McCormack

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Nuala McGrath

Affiliation Department of Social Statistics and Demography, Academic Unit of Primary Care, Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Landon Myer

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Helen Rees

Affiliation Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa

Ariane van der Straten

Affiliation Women’s Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Deborah Watson-Jones

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert

Affiliation Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

Randy Stalter

Affiliation Clinical Sciences, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Nicola Low

Affiliation Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Competing Interests

NL is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CSM PC NL. Performed the experiments: CSM PLC RS NL. Analyzed the data: PC CK. Wrote the paper: CSM PLC CK JMB JB AMC LVD SDM SCF BAF RJH RH SKar QAK SKap RK RSM SM NM LM HR AvdS DWJ JHHMvdW RS NL. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.