About the Authors

Jenni Hislop

Affiliation Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Temitope E. Adewuyi

Affiliation Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Luke D. Vale

Affiliation Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Kirsten Harrild

Affiliation Population Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Cynthia Fraser

Affiliation Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Tara Gurung

Affiliation Warwick Evidence, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Douglas G. Altman

Affiliation Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Andrew H. Briggs

Affiliation Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Peter Fayers

Affiliations Population Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Craig R. Ramsay

Affiliation Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

John D. Norrie

Affiliation Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Ian M. Harvey

Affiliation Faculty of Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Brian Buckley

Affiliation National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

Jonathan A. Cook

jonathan.cook@ndorms.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

for the DELTA group

Membership of the DELTA group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JAC CRR DGA AHB PF IMH BB CF JDN LDV. Performed the experiments: JH JAC LDV TG TEA KH CF. Analyzed the data: JH JAC LDV. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: JH LDV JAC. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: JAC DGA CRR AHB PF IMH BB LDV JDN JH TG TEA KH CF. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: JAC DGA CRR AHB PF IMH BB JDN JH TG TEA KH CF LDV. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: JAC DGA CRR AHB PF IMH BB JDN JH TG TEA KH CF LDV.