About the Authors

Saurabh Mehandru

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Michael A Poles

Affiliations Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America , Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Klara Tenner-Racz

Affiliation Bernhard-Nocht Institut Fur Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany

Patrick Jean-Pierre

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Victoria Manuelli

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Peter Lopez

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Anita Shet

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Andrea Low

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Hiroshi Mohri

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Daniel Boden

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Paul Racz

Affiliation Bernhard-Nocht Institut Fur Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany

Martin Markowitz

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mmarkowitz@adarc.org

Affiliation Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that they do not have commercial or other associations that might cause a conflict of interest.

Author Contributions

SM, MAP, and MM designed the study. SM, KTR, PR, and MM analyzed the data. SM, AS, AL, and MM enrolled patients. SM, MAP, KTR, DB, PR, and MM contributed to writing the paper. MAP is the gastroenterologist who performed all the study procedures and specimen collection. SM, PJP, VM, and PL collected data or carried out experiments for the study. KTR and PR provided immunohistochemistry and quantification of T cells in the LP, in situ hybridization and identification of cells with HIV gene expression, and the photomicrographs for this manuscript.