January 20, 2026

The benefits and risks of maternal RSV vaccination on mortality in South Africa: A modeling study

Ayaka Monoi and colleagues model the benefits and risks of maternal RSV vaccination by gestational age and show that benefits outweigh risks with vaccination from the third trimester.

Image credit: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Unsplash

01/12/2026

Research Article

Distribution of capsule and O types in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal sepsis in Africa and South Asia: A meta-analysis of genome-predicted serotype prevalence to inform potential vaccine coverage

Thomas Stanton and colleagues use whole genome sequencing to evaluate the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae K and O antigen types in 13 countries in Africa and South Asia to help inform vaccine design against neonatal sepsis.

Image credit: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Unsplash

Distribution of capsule and O types in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal sepsis in Africa and South Asia: A meta-analysis of genome-predicted serotype prevalence to inform potential vaccine coverage

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Browse Issues 2004 – 2025

01/20/2026

Perspective

Missing tissue, missing data: Resolving brain volume loss caused by anti-amyloid therapies

In this Perspective, Francesca Alves and Scott Ayton examine potential explanations for why anti-amyloid drugs, which modestly slow Alzheimer’s disease progression, paradoxically accelerate brain volume changes.

Image credit: toubibe, Pixabay

Missing tissue, missing data: Resolving brain volume loss caused by anti-amyloid therapies

01/29/2026

Editorial

Intervention research to protect human health in the era of climate extremes

In this Editorial, PLOS Medicine Editor-in-Chief Till Bärnighausen and Executive Editor Helen Lumbard outline how climate change and associated extreme weather events are threatening human health, and call for research on the effectiveness of climate adaptation interventions.

Image credit: Chamika Jayasri, Unsplash

Intervention research to protect human health in the era of climate extremes

01/22/2026

Research Article

Psychological distress among Japanese high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: An energy landscape analysis

Daiki Tatematsu and colleagues apply an energy landscape analysis which models multivariate psychological states as a dynamic system of interactions, to evaluate longitudinal changes in psychological distress among high school students in Tokyo before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Image credit: Nataliya Vaitkevich, Pexels

12/18/2025

Research Article

Evaluation of economic strengthening in South Africa and its impact on HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and teenage births: A modelling study

Using a modelling framework, Leigh Johnson and colleagues predict limited effects of economic strengthening interventions that aim to reduce HIV, sexually transmitted infections and teenage births in South Africa.

Image credit: Sharon Ang, Pixabay

01/05/2026

Research Article

Inequalities in cancer mortality between people with and without disability: A nationwide data linkage study of 10 million adults in Australia

Yi Yang and colleagues estimate overall and type-specific cancer mortality inequalities between adults with and without disability in Australia, reporting both relative and absolute inequalities to inform cancer control efforts and research priorities.

Image credit: Tara Winstead, Pexels

01/13/2026

Research Article

Multiview deep-learning-enabled histopathology for prognostic and therapeutic stratification in stage II colorectal cancer: A retrospective multicenter study

Zihan Zhao and colleagues identify histological features associated with risk of disease recurrence.

Image credit: Thirdman, Pexels

01/05/2026

Research Article

Taxation of foods high in fat, sugar, and sodium in India: A modelling study of health and economic impacts

Maxime Roche, Jingmin Zhu and team analyse what the effect would be of taxing food items high in fat, sugar and sodium in India.

Image credit: Hans, Pixabay

01/13/2026

Research Article

Evaluating the clinical utility of large language models for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment recommendations: A nationwide retrospective registry study

Keungmo Yang et al. assess HCC treatment recommendations by LLMs and their concordance with physician decisions.

Image credit: gorden murah surabaya, Pexels

01/06/2026

Research Article

Association between proton pump inhibitor use and upper gastrointestinal cancer: A matched case-control study accounting for reverse causation and confounding by indication

By Ibrahim O. Sawaid and colleagues.

Image credit: Pixel_perfect, Pixabay

Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial Resistance: Addressing a Global Threat to Humanity

In this Editorial, Guest Editors Timothy R. Walsh, Ana C. Gales, Ramanan Laxminarayan, and our PLOS Medicine Editor Philippa C. Dodd discuss the Special Issue dedicated to Antimicrobial resistance and emphasize the urgent threat of AMR.
Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: An analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries

Ruchita Balasubramanian and colleagues, estimate the incidence of hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics in 195 countries using point prevalence survey data.
Patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and prediction of mortality in hospitalized neonates and young infants with sepsis: A global neonatal sepsis observational cohort study (NeoOBS)

James Neal Russell and colleagues explore antibiotic use and mortality prediction in hospitalised neonates and infants with sepsis.
Antimicrobial resistance: Strengthening surveillance for public health action

Silvia Bertagnolio, Amitabh Bipin Suthar, Olga Tosas and Kitty Van Weezenbeek discuss surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, the existing limitations and the implications this has on accurate determination of incidence.
Implications of reducing antibiotic treatment duration for antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings: A modelling study and meta-analysis

Yin Mo and colleagues investigate implications of antibiotic duration on antibiotic resistance in hospitals.

PLOS Medicine Collections

COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Mental Health

In this Special Issue, we present a fascinating array of research papers providing insights into various facets of mental health during the pandemic.
Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance and Prevention

This collection of research articles highlights the multi-faceted challenges imposed by drug-resistant bacteria, the consequences for health and economics, and interventions that could lessen the burden.
Early Detection and Minimal Residual Disease

In this Collection, PLOS Medicine presents high-quality translational research and clinical studies on advances in early cancer detection.
Global Child Health: From Birth to Adolescence and Beyond

This Special Issue brings together the latest research on child and adolescent health, including strategies to monitor and combat child mortality from birth through adolescence, and environmental impacts on child health and mortality.
Maternal and Child Health & Nutrition

This 2019 Special Issue highlights the importance of nutrition for maternal and child health.

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