Fig 1.
Empirical sleep/wake data from four infants.
a) Sleep diary data from the Agenoria GitHub repository. b) Sleep diary data from the Baby-data-viz GitHub repository. c) Sleep patterns derived from actigraphy data from Jenni, Deboer and Achermann [24]. d) Sleep diary data from McGraw, Hoffmann, Harker and Herman [25]. See Methods for further details.
Fig 2.
Fitted trajectory of sleep maturation.
a) The sleep/wake patterns of Infant 1 summarised by the probability of being asleep per 30-minute window, averaged across 7 days with 6 day overlap (7 day sliding window). b) The sleep/wake patterns for each best-fitting parameter combination for each set of sleep probabilities in a). c) The trajectories of best-fitting parameter combinations, superimposed with a Loess smoothed line (thick lines) with smoothing parameter αLoess = 0.2.
Fig 3.
The trajectories of best-fitting parameter combination for each infant.
For each parameter and infant, the best-fitting parameter value at each day (thin lines) is plotted with a Loess smoothed line (thick lines) with smoothing parameter αLoess = 0.2. The day is the middle day of the sliding 7-day window.
Fig 4.
Relative contributions of subsets of parameters at different ages in infancy.
a) The minimum cost function value over time for different parameter constraints in Infant 1. b) The total cost value over the first 200 days of Infant 1 (seven day windows from midday 5 to 204). c) The total cost value over the last 200 days of Infant 1 (seven day windows from midday 345 to 544). Subsets of parameters with two fixed parameters have the fixed value from the corresponding single fixed parameter sets (connected by dashed lines in b and c), that is , and b = 1.
Fig 5.
The sleep/wake states are produced by mutual inhibition between the sleep-promoting VLPO (blue) and wake-promoting MA neuronal populations (red). The MA receives excitatory input from orexin neurons and cholinergic (Ach) neurons. The sleep drive is a combination of a homeostatic sleep drive (purple) and a light-entrained circadian drive (green). The circadian drive is entrained by the daily light cycle (yellow), and gated by the arousal state (no influence from light when asleep). Arrows denote excitatory connections, flat line ends denote inhibitory connections.
Table 1.
Parameter values used in modelling.
Table 2.
Parameter ranges defining the grid search parameter space.