Fig 1.
Experimental data of single and dual infections.
Intensity of infection (A and D), specific IgA antibody response estimated using adult worms (B) or excretory-secretory (ES) products from adult worms as the source of antigen (E), and IL4 cytokine gene expression (C and F) during single (black) and dual (red) infections of T. retortaeformis (A-C) and G. strigosum (D-F). Geometric means and relative dispersions (calculated as product/ratio between the geometric mean and the geometric standard deviation) are presented.
Table 1.
Single infection: Model parameters, definitions, dimensions and available values for T. retortaeformis (TR) and G. strigosum (GS).
Table 2.
Tested hypotheses and related mechanisms for the competing models of single infection.
The parameters a, b and c are set equal to 0 when the respective mechanism is not considered, otherwise they are calibrated (To be cal.).
Table 3.
Dual infection: Model parameters, definitions, dimensions and available values for both T. retortaeformis (TR) and G. strigosum (GS); model parameters that are not reported in the table are assumed to be equal to single-infection values (see Table 1).
Table 4.
Tested hypotheses and related mechanisms for the competing models of helminths interaction in dual infection.
The parameters αGSonTR, αTRonGS, β1GSonTR and β1TRonGS are set equal to 0 when the respective mechanism is not considered, otherwise they are calibrated (To be cal.). Further hypotheses tested are listed in Table 2.
Table 5.
Summary of competing models for single infections based on performance and level of complexity.
Model complexity, h, the contribution of each variable to the error function (ERRP, and
; see Eq 3), AIC and ΔAIC are reported for both T. retortaeformis and G. strigosum.
Table 6.
Single infections: Estimated values and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the parameters of the selected model (M12) for T. retortaeformis (TR) and G. strigosum (GS).
The 90% CIs are estimated via bootstrap.
Fig 2.
Single infection simulations (blue) and observation data (black).
Mean intensity of infection (A and D), specific IgA response estimated using adult worms as a source of antigen (B and E), and IL4 expression (C and F) over the course of the infection. Observed data (geometric mean multiplied/divided by the S.D. error factor (circle)) and estimated values (star) with the relative 90% confidence interval (shade) are reported for both T. retortaeformis (A-C) and G. strigosum (D-F).
Table 7.
Summary of competing models for the dual infection based on performance and level of complexity.
Model complexity, h, the contribution of each variable to the error function (ERRP, and
; see Eq 3), AIC and ΔAIC are reported.
Table 8.
Dual infection: Estimated values and 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the selected model (M3) parameters.
The 90% CIs are estimated via bootstrap.
Fig 3.
Dual infection simulations (blue) and observation data (red).
Mean intensity of infection (A and D), specific IgA response estimated using excretory-secretory (ES) products from adult parasites as a source of antigen (B and E), and IL4 expression (C and F) over the course of the infection. Observed data (geometric mean multiplied/divided by S.D. error factor) and estimated values (star) with the relative 90% CI (shade) are reported for T. retortaeformis (A-C) and G. strigosum (D-F).