Metacognitive efficiency in learned value-based choice
Fig 3
Comparison between Forward and Backward models in choice, confidence and parameters.
A) The performance, proportion of trials on which each model chose the best option, of the Backward model was significantly lower than both empirical and Forward performance. Additionally, Forward performance significantly lagged behind empirical performance. B) The confidence bias levels of the Backward model were not significantly different from the Forward model and empirical data, while there was a weak but significant difference between the confidence bias of the Forward model and empirical data. C) The Forward model predicted choices better than the Backward model, as measured by the negative log likelihood. D) The confidence ratings of the Backward model were closer to the empirical data than those of the Forward model. E) The learning-rate was significantly lower in the Backward model compared to the Forward model. F) The inverse temperature parameter was not significantly different between two models. The dots in the plots represent the corresponding estimates for each subject in the low variance condition of the task.