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SpaConTDS: A multimodal contrastive learning framework for identifying spatial domains by applying tuple disturbing strategy

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Advanced spatial analysis by SpaConTDS reveals detailed spatial stratification for human breast cancer.

(A) H&E stained image, manual annotations and clustering result with ARI of SpaConTDS on human breast cancer dataset. (B) Violin plots of expression of DEGs (EFHD1, SHISA2, CTTN) in subcluster 2 and 15 versus other clusters. (C) Clustering results with ARI of baseline methods on human breast cancer dataset. (D) H&E stained image with manually annotated regions and clustering result with DB index of SpaConTDS on IDC dataset. (E) Top: raw gene expression patterns of CXCL14, MUC1, TCEAL4andCCND1. Bottom: denoised gene expression patterns of CXCL14, MUC1, TCEAL4andCCND1. (F) Clustering results with DB index of baseline methods on IDC dataset.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013893.g002