Dynamical stability and mechanical impedance are optimized when manipulating uncertain dynamically complex objects
Fig 3
A) Relative phase plotted against trials for the three pendulum conditions in the two protocols. Different lines represent different participants. The distributions of relative phase across all participants and trials are plotted at the right margin. Participants mostly exhibited in-phase (0 deg) or an anti-phase (180 deg) relations between the cup and ball. B) Relative phase variability, computed as the circular variance of relative phase, represented the stability of the dynamics between the cup and ball. Mean relative phase variability across subjects is plotted against trials for the three pendulum conditions in the two protocols. The error ribbons represent standard error. C) Summary results of relative phase variability. Each data point in the box plot represents a participant average across 40 trials. Relative phase variability was similar between the two protocols, despite the increased uncertainty in the random protocol.