Social imitation dynamics of vaccination driven by vaccine effectiveness and beliefs
Fig 4
Impact of pre-existing, fixed vaccine beliefs on vaccination dynamics.
The presence of vaccine-averse (skeptical) beliefs, even at low frequencies, can render the population more sensitive to the cost of vaccination and vaccine effectiveness. Shown are the hysteresis loops of vaccination levels with respect to changes in (A) the cost of vaccination and (B) the vaccine effectiveness. For comparison sake, the grey lines are the results in Fig 2 without any vaccine beliefs. (C) and (D) show spatial snapshots of population states in the descending and ascending paths respectively. The color of individuals indicates their specific combinations of vaccine beliefs and uptake behaviors: blue: vaccinated individuals with vaccine-neutral attitude; yellow: unvaccinated individuals with vaccine-neutral attitude; green: vaccinated individuals with vaccine-averse attitude; red: unvaccinated individuals with vaccine-averse attitude. Parameters: square lattice with von Neumann neighborhood, initial number of infection seeds I0 = 30, initial number of vaccinated
, fixed number of vaccine skeptical individuals 50, disease transmission rate
, recovery rate
,
, K = 1. (A) effectiveness
, (C) (D): c = 0.01,
. Simulation results are averaged over 150 independent runs.