Barking up the right tree: Immune checkpoint signatures of human and dog cancers
Fig 5
PCA representation of individual IC signatures validates and augments the insights from UMAP analysis, revealing unexpected similarities between human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CCL) and canine cancers.
(A) Consistent with the UMAP findings, the global overview reveals two primary clusters: canine and human. (B) Notably, the PCA revealed a surprising finding missed by UMAP: patient signatures of human CCL, a B-cell blood cancer, exhibit a striking similarity to canine cancers along the PC2 axis, which accounts for between-species differences. This finding suggests a resemblance between human CCL and canine malignancies in the context of the identified key immune checkpoint genes. (C) Further examination of brain cancer cases reaffirms the mutual proximity observed in UMAP, which is particularly evident in gliomas, and the overall uniformity of signatures within each cancer type. (D) Human sarcoma and canine osteosarcoma, while displaying variability along PC-1, demonstrate alignment with each other, further supporting the concordance between species. (E) Similar to UMAP, human cholangiocarcinoma exhibits notable case dispersion, reflecting the high degree of heterogeneity in IC signatures. (F) Consistent with previous observations, PCA confirmed that human and dog prostate carcinomas display distinct IC signatures, as they do not align along PC-1.