Anatomical-electrical coupling of cardiac axes: Definitions and population variability for advancing personalised ECG interpretation
Fig 6
Distribution analysis of the anatomical and electrical axis orientation metrics.
(A) Torso diagram with spherical coordinates (,
) for an example cardiac anatomical axis, where
represents the extent to which the base is pointing to anterior or posterior. (B)(C) Contour plots with regression line and Pearson r, showing the anatomical-electrical linear relationship of
and
. (D) Bivariate (
,
) probability density distributions of electrical and anatomical angles, and their differences (normal-fitted marginal distributions and kernel density estimation contours) indicating complex interplay between the two axes. (The anatomical axis presented here is inverted to allow ease of visualisation.).