Studying gastrulation by invagination: The bending of a cell sheet by mechanical cell properties using 3D deformable cell based simulations
Fig 8
The simulation results show the blastoporal opening of the gastrulas from Fig 5A–5C of the 256–1024 celled gastrulas. Here image A–C show the oral view of the 256, 512 and 1024 celled gastrula, with uniform cell stiffness and constriction factor 0.1. Images D–F show the oral view of the 256, 512 and 1024 celled gastrula, with uniform cell stiffness and constriction factor 0.05. Images G–I show the oral view of the 256, 512 and 1024 celled gastrula, with non uniform cell stiffness. The larger the blastula and the smaller the opening, the more the embryo gets folded around the blastoporal opening.