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Changing cognitive chimera states in human brain networks with age: Variations in cognitive integration and segregation

Fig 3

Classification of the emergent synchronization patterns when stimulating a single brain region for three different cases.

The left column corresponds to stimulating the left hemisphere banks of the superior temporal sulcus (BANKSSTS), the middle columns is for the left hemisphere pallidum, and the right column is for the hemisphere insula subregion 1, all for the same structural connectome. Panels a), b), and c) show their respective pair-wise synchrony matrices. Panels d), e), and f) illustrate the binarization of the synchrony matrices using a threshold of , with representing a synchronous element (red) and an asynchronous element (blue), otherwise. Panels g), h), and i) show the community assignments that occur when applying the Louvain algorithm. Cognitive systems belonging to the same community have the same colour and are labeled with the same number. Panels j), k), and l) show the transformation of the cognitive systems’ community assignments into synchronization patterns, where blue colors indicate cognitive systems in the asynchronous group and red colors indicate cognitive systems in the synchronous group. The emergent synchronization patterns and, hence, the stimulated brain region are then classified as asynchronous (containing only an asynchronous group), synchronous (containing only a synchronous group), and chimera (containing both synchronous and asynchronous groups). The cognitive systems are labeled attention (Att), auditory (Aud), cingulo-opercular (CO), fronto-parietal (FP), default mode (DM), motor-sensory (MS), subcortical (SC), ventral-temporal (VT), and visual (V).

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013093.g003