Modeling tissue-scale ciliary transport and mixing in three-dimensional Newtonian flow
Fig 2
Illustration of a 3D beating cilium simplified as a rotating rod with varying length.
(a) The rod’s motion over one full revolution, with red circles marking the rod tips. (b) Projection of the rod’s profile onto the (x,z)-plane, (c) Projection of the rod’s profile onto the (x,y)-plane.