In–silico simultaneous respiratory and circulatory measurement during voluntary breathing, exercise, and mental stress: A computational approach
Fig 8
Respiratory–circulatory system model.
The model integrates the respiratory CPG system with spiking neurons, as proposed by Molkov et al. (2014) [64], and the circulatory system utilizing a rate–coding approach, as described by Ursino (1998) [66]. The red, blue, light blue, and purple lines denote excitatory and inhibitory signals, CO2 signals as chemical feedback, and breathing control signals, respectively. The light green line indicates pulmonary stretch receptors as mechanical feedback. Thick black and orange lines represent blood vessels and the interactions between the respiratory and circulatory systems, respectively.