Insights into muscle metabolic energetics: Modelling muscle-tendon mechanics and metabolic rates during walking across speeds
Fig 5
Repeated measures correlation between estimated and experimental whole-body average metabolic rates.
Repeated measures correlation between estimated and experimental whole-body average metabolic rate [W/kg] over a range of metabolic demand with four simulation workflows: Minimal muscle effort with generic passive force (GEN), with calibrated passive force (PAS), with calibrated passive force and personalized tendon stiffness (TEN), and EMG-informed with calibrated passive force and personalized tendon stiffness (EMG), using six metabolic energy models: Umberger et al. [14] (UM03), Bhargava et al. [12] (BH04), Houdijk et al. [15] (HO06), Lichtwark and Wilson [16] (LW07), Umberger [17] (UM10), and Uchida et al. [18] (UC16). Each color represents an individual subject. An ideal relationship, equivalent to y = x is illustrated as a dotted line. For each simulation workflow and metabolic energy model, the slope m, correlation coefficient r, and p-value of the null hypothesis that no correlation between estimated and experimental metabolic rate exists are shown as means of all subjects.