Model-based analysis of the acute effects of transcutaneous magnetic spinal cord stimulation on micturition after spinal cord injury in humans
Fig 5
Modeling the effect of TMS in the enhanced model of control of micturition.
The response to 1 Hz TMS is shown in C1-3. The timing of TMS is shown by arrows, and after each arrow, the bladder briefly contracts, and sympathetic inhibition of detrusor contraction ceases briefly (Node 4, C1), and the external sphincter is relaxed briefly (Node 9, C3). As a consequence, the parasympathetic drive to the detrusor contracts the bladder (Node 10, C2). In contrast, 30 Hz TMS suppresses sympathetic drive to the bladder (Node 2 inhibits Node 4, D1); excitation of Node 1 inhibits preganglionic parasympathetic activity, and the detrusor lacks activation to contract (Node 10, D2); while excitatory Node 3 drives the Nucleus of Onuf and Node 9 activity (D3) results in contraction of the external sphincter. This figure was created in part with BioRender.com.