A dynamic foot model for predictive simulations of human gait reveals causal relations between foot structure and whole-body mechanics
Fig 7
Effect of removing the plantar intrinsic muscle on joint moments.
(a) Total joint moment. Experimental data was obtained from one subject and therefore the grey band represents stride-to-stride variability. (b) Joint moment by different muscle groups and plantar fascia. Extrinsic muscles crossing MTP are flexor digitorum and hallucis longus and extensor digitorum and hallucis longus. Extrinsic muscles crossing MTJ (midtarsal joint) additionally include tibialis anterior and posterior, and peroneus (brevis, longus, and tertius). Joint moments by individual muscles are shown in Fig AK in S1 Text.