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The evolution of environmentally mediated social interactions and posthumous spite under isolation by distance

Fig 3

Dispersal distribution, relatedness, and scaled relatedness in a 2D lattice model under short and long-range dispersal.

Panels A-B: Dispersal distribution m_k in a two-dimensional habitat (with D₁ = D₂ = 13). An offspring leaves its natal patch with probability 1 − m₀ = m = 0.8 and disperses to a patch at a Manhattan distance that follows a truncated binomial distribution with mean in panel A, leading to short-range dispersal, and in panel B, leading to long-range dispersal (see Appendix B.2 in S1 Text for details). Panels C-D: Relatedness R_k,0 from the dispersal distributions shown in panels A and B, respectively (using Eq 8 with patch size N = 20 and no adult survival ). Panels E-F: Scaled relatedness, κ_k,10 in panel E and κ_k,1 in panel F, from the dispersal distributions shown in panels A and B, respectively, for a Wright-Fisher model (using Eq 21 with patch size N = 20). See S1 Data for how to generate these figures using Mathematica.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012071.g003