Landscape quantifies the intermediate state and transition dynamics in ecological networks
Fig 2
Multistable landscape and transition path reveal the role of intermediate state.
(A) The phase diagram under parameter variation (κ=0.5∼1.5, γ0=0.75∼1.25). The same notations apply as in Fig 1E. I: intermediate state. (B) Landscape and transition paths after projection onto new coordinates in the tristable system (κ = 1.1, γ0 = 1). The white lines indicate the collapse process while the magenta lines represent the recovery process. The solid and dashed lines correspond to direct and indirect transition paths, respectively. (C) Multidimensional transition paths between different attractors after normalization, where two left pictures are indirect paths (through the intermediate state) from high to low state (top) and low to high state (bottom); conversely, the two on the right are direct paths. Each row represents one of 30 species in the network and the upper 17 rows are plants while the lower 13 rows are pollinators.