Pneumococcal population dynamics: Investigating vaccine-induced changes through multiscale modelling
Fig 5
Pre- and post-vaccination dynamics with multiple NVTs.
We fix the robustness of each antigenic type, with the VT being the most, and NVT2 being the least, robust. Simulations are performed on 7000 hosts over 30 years with vaccination at year 15. Each simulation is repeated 70 times. All strains are drug-susceptible. (A) Change in metabolic composition of each antigenic type following vaccination. (B) Change in relative frequency of both NVTs following vaccination (including the VT), compared to the change in relative frequency among NVTs only. Fixed parameters: αVT = 0.02, αNVT1 = 0.025, αNVT2 = 0.03, κ1 = κ2 = κ3 = κ4 = 1.1, pτ = 0.22, τ = 0.8, β = 0.09, rt = 0.00005.